This article analyzes the formation and development processes of the concept of political Islam during the Ottoman Empire. The study highlights the role of Islam in state governance, in particular, the importance of the religious, caliphate institution of the sultan's power and Sharia law in the political system. It also examines the mechanisms of governing society through religious scholars, madrasahs, and the waqf system. The changes in the ratio between religious and secular governance through the reforms of the Tanzimat period are also scientifically revealed. As a result of the study, it is concluded that political Islam served as an important factor in ensuring not only religious but also socio-political stability in the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire, political Islam, caliphate

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