This article analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism from socio-philosophical and anthropological perspectives within the context of the human factor. The necessity of studying the terrorist's personality not as a ready-made psychological or pathological type, but as a subject formed under the influence of a specific social environment, ideological influence, group relations, personal experience, and socialization processes, is substantiated. The historical and scientific content of the concept of “terrorist”, its political and ideological interpretations are considered, while the anthropology of terrorism focuses on the issue of involving an individual in terrorist activities. In the process of a terrorist's personality radicalization, their identity, value system, moral criteria, life meaning, and the transformation of their sense of belonging to a group are analyzed. Special attention is also paid to the mechanisms of resocialization within a terrorist organization, the mastery of group roles, the adoption of political and ideological goals as personal goals, and the moral justification of violence. Based on the analysis of scientific approaches, it is substantiated that there is no single universal psychological model of a terrorist personality, and terrorist activity is formed as a result of the interaction of individual, social, ideological, and group factors.