This study analyzes the causes of the Yugoslav Wars (1991–2001), the development stages of ethnopolitical conflicts, and the role of the international community in resolving the crisis. The article evaluates the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the UN peacekeeping mission (UNPROFOR), specifically the Srebrenica tragedy, and the NATO military intervention (the 1995 and 1999 operations) from the perspective of international law. Furthermore, it highlights the geopolitical significance of the Dayton Peace Agreement and the position of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague within the system of international humanitarian law.