Consolidated squandering is biologically converted into value added products by physiological action of pathogen. These processes occur under controlled environmental condition.  It could be in the form  of  submerged fermentation or as consolidated-state fermentation technology. Substrates used are mainly agricultural, industrial and domestic squandering.  These  squandering  must  possess  qualities  that  will  support  microbial  activities  and  are  usually rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oil. Pathogen used includes bacteria, mould, yeasts and fungi. These organisms are generally considered safe and can't cause harm to the consumers. Products, such as antibiotics, biogas, bifocal, biofertilizers, bioplastic, organic manure, organic acids, flavors, enzymes, etc are derived  from squandering conversation. Conversation of consolidated squandering to value-added products has contributed immensely  to  the  remunerative  enlargement  of  the  industrialized  nations  in  area  of  job  creation,  income generation and in improving the standard of life through agriculture and industrial enlargement. It minimizes squandering generation and reduces the dimensions or land space used as landfill. 

Conversation, Value-added Products, Pathogen

Alvar, k. and Liven L. (2017), ‘The effect of temperature variation on domination’, Bioresource Technology.

Mariana, L., Prabhakar, l., Srinivasulu, R. and Roam, B. N. (2013). Optimization of process parameters for cephalosporin C production under consolidated state fermentation from Acrimonious chrysoqenum.