In the article, the author analyzes the theoretical foundations of labor productivity, its economic essence, and measurement indicators. Labor productivity is considered a decisive factor in ensuring the sustainable development of the economy, enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises, and improving the well-being of the population. The study employs important economic indicators such as natural and value-based measures of labor productivity, as well as labor intensity.

The article reveals the theoretical essence of labor productivity based on the ideas of classical economists — A. Smith, D. Ricardo, and K. Marx — as well as modern management theorists. Furthermore, the experience of developed countries, particularly the United States and Japan, is analyzed, highlighting that the main factors driving labor productivity growth are technological innovations, innovative activities, and investment in human capital.

The article also emphasizes that during the years of independence, the economic reforms implemented in Uzbekistan have created opportunities to improve labor efficiency in society. However, a number of problems still persist that hinder the growth of labor productivity. Successful resolution of these issues would further enhance labor efficiency in enterprises and organizations.