In the philosophy of mathematics, formalism is the view that holds that statements of mathematics and logic can be considered to be statements about the consequences of the manipulation of strings (alphanumeric sequences of symbols, usually as equations) using established manipulation rules.

In Platonism, the truth-values of our mathematical assertions depend on facts involving Platonic entities that reside in a realm outside of space-time.

Zenodo DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14539300