Today, the rapid development of digital technologies is influencing all spheres of society. In this context, cyberspace has become not only a means of information exchange but also an important environment where social relations are formed. At the same time, new types of problems are spreading widely in this environment, particularly cases of cyber violence against women. In particular, gender equality is one of the fundamental principles of modern society and implies equal rights and opportunities for men and women. However, this equality is often violated in the online world. Specifically, women on social networks and other online platforms are more frequently subjected to insults, threats, and pressure. This negatively affects their ability to freely express their opinions and to actively participate in social life.
Gender Equality in Cyberspace and Cyber Violence Against Women
DOI:
Keywords:
Abstract
Downloads
References
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2023). Article 48. LexUZ Legal Database. https://lex.uz/docs/-6445145
Sexual Violence Research Initiative. (2020). Online safety in a changing world – COVID-19 and cyber violence.
United Nations Human Rights Council. (2018). Report on online violence against women and girls (A/HRC/38/47, para. 23).
United Nations Human Rights Council. (2020). Report on freedom of opinion and expression in the digital age (A/HRC/44/52).
Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1994, as amended). LexUZ Legal Database. https://lex.uz/mact/-111453
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2003). On Informatization (No. 560-II). LexUZ Legal Database. https://lex.uz/docs/-6445145
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2019). On Personal Data (No. ZRU-547). LexUZ Legal Database. https://lex.uz/docs/-6445145
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2022). On Cybersecurity (No. ZRU-764). LexUZ Legal Database. https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-5960604
United Nations General Assembly. (1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). LexUZ Legal Database. https://lex.uz/docs/-2685528
Council of Europe. (2001). Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention). UzPedia. https://uzpedia.uz/pedia/kiberjinoyatlar_togrisida_konvensiya
UN Women. (2021). Violence against women in the online space: Insights from a multi-country study in the Arab States.
Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1994, as amended). LexUZ Legal Database. https://lex.uz/mact/-111453
Amnesty International. (2017, November 20). Amnesty reveals alarming impact of online abuse against women. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/11/amnesty-reveals-alarming-impact-of-online-abuse-against-women/
Gurumurthy, A., Vasudevan, A., & Chami, N. (2019). Born digital, born free? A socio-legal study on young women’s experiences of online violence in South India. IT for Change. https://itforchange.net/sites/default/files/1662/Born-Digital_Born-Free_SynthesisReport.pdf
Plan International. (2020). Free to be online? Girls’ and young women’s experiences of online harassment.
Pew Research Center. (2021). The state of online harassment.
UNESCO. (2020). Online violence against women journalists: A global snapshot of incidence and impacts.
Inter-Parliamentary Union. (2021). Sexism, harassment and violence against women in parliaments in Africa.