This article analyzes the connection between combating corruption and the protection of human rights within the framework of international law. It examines issues of corruption and human rights as addressed in the United Nations Convention against Corruption and international human rights treaties. Furthermore, although a human rights-based approach to combating corruption may be conceptually complex, it holds significant practical and normative advantages over purely criminal-legal or administrative approaches.
Combating Corruption in New Uzbekistan And Ensuring Human Rights
DOI:
Keywords:
Abstract
Downloads
References
United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 3: The Nature of States Parties’ Obligations (Art. 2(1)), U.N. Doc. E/1991/23, 1990.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, art. 2(1), 16 Dec. 1966, 993 U.N.T.S. 3.
Anne Peters, “Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights,” European Journal of International Law, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1256–1260, 2018.
United Nations Human Rights Council Advisory Committee, Final Report on the Issue of the Negative Impact of Corruption on the Enjoyment of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/28/73, 2015.
Centre for Civil and Political Rights, The Impact of Corruption on the Fulfilment of Human Rights in Moldova. Geneva, Switzerland: CCPR, 2021.
Cardona, Luz Angela, Horacio Ortiz, and Daniel Vázquez. “Corruption and Human Rights: Possible Relations.” Human Rights Quarterly 40, no. 2 (2018): 317–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26802173.
OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 17 Dec. 1997, 37 I.L.M. 1, 1998.
United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), preamble, adopted Dec. 9, 2003, entered into force Dec. 14, 2005, 2349 U.N.T.S. 41.
United Nations Human Rights Council, The Negative Impact of Corruption on the Enjoyment of Human Rights, Res. 47/7, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/RES/47/7, 2021. United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women et al., Joint Statement on Corruption and Human Rights, May 31, 2021.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Corruption and Human Rights: Inter-American Standards (Washington, D.C.: IACHR, 2019).
Ramírez Escobar et al. v. Guatemala, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 351, 242 (9 Mar. 2018).
European Parliament, Recommendation of 17 February 2022 to the Council and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy concerning Corruption and Human Rights (2021/2066(INI)), para. 1(a).
Council of the European Union, Council Regulation (EU) 2020/1998 concerning restrictive measures against serious human rights violations and abuses, 7 December 2020, O.J. L 410I/1; and European External Action Service, “The EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime,” Available: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/eu-has-new-powerful-tool-protect-human-rights-eu-global-human-rights-sanctions-regime-0_en.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, arts. 2 and 26, 16 December 1966, 999 U.N.T.S. 171; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, art. 2(2), 16 December 1966, 993 U.N.T.S. 3. United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 18: Non-Discrimination (1989), para. 12. See: Besson, Samantha, and Eleonor Kleber, 'The Right to Non-Discrimination', in John Tobin (ed.), The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: A Commentary, Oxford Commentaries on International Law (2019; online edn, Oxford Law Pro), https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198262657.003.0003.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), An Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability, Impact and Action (New York: United Nations, 2008). Eldén, Å., D. Calvo, E. Bjarnegård, S. Lundgren and S.Jonsson (2020), Sextortion: Corruption and Gender-Based Violence, EBA Report 2020:06, the Expert Group for Aid Studies (EBA), Sweden.
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 35 on Gender-Based Violence against Women, Updating General Recommendation No. 19, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/GC/35 (2017), paras. 26, 29, 31.
Jacques Hallak and Muriel Poisson, Corrupt Schools, Corrupt Universities: What Can Be Done? (Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning, 2007).
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Global Education Monitoring Report 2021/2: Non-State Actors in Education: Who Chooses? Who Loses? (Paris: UNESCO, 2021).
Transparency International, Global Corruption Barometer (Berlin: Transparency International) Available: https://www.transparency.org/en/gcb.
European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission), Rule of Law Checklist, CDL-AD(2016)007 (Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2016).
Vito Tanzi and Hamid Davoodi, “Corruption, Public Investment, and Growth,” IMF Working Paper WP/97/139 (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1997).
Augustin Kwasi Fosu, “Inequality and the Impact of Growth on Poverty: Comparative Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa,” Journal of Development Studies 45, no. 5 (2009): 726–745.