The Niger Delta armed conflicts shifted focus from the violence that engulfed the region to the challenges of Post Amnesty era. The Amnesty package granted by the federal government of Nigeria to all persons involved in militant activities in 2009 became a window for easy transition for Niger Delta militants to acquire civilian status. The reintegration aspect of the amnesty was an effort towards curtailing the risk associated with ex -militants as community spoilers and special risk factors. The component was essential in order to bring peace and development to the area by transforming ex militants to meaningful and productive citizens. The study examines the reintegration component and analyzes the achievements and challenges. Finding indicate that the Niger Delta reintegration exercise targeted ex-militants only. Others victims of the armed conflicts were not captured in the DDR programme. The study conclude by advocating for the establishment of Post-Inclusive Re-Integration Agency (PIRA) for ex-militant and other victims of the conflicts, ensure continuous assessment, monitoring and evaluation of ex-militants and victims. These would lead to greater peace, stability, progress and massive development in the region. The study relied basically on secondary sources of data.
Reintegration Of Niger Delta Ex- Militants Into Their Communities: The Impacts And The Challenges, 2009-2019
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References
Secondary Sources
International Labour Organization Manual on Training and Employment: Options for Ex-combinates (Geneva: ILO, 1997)
Nilsson, Anders, Reintegrating Ex-Combatants in Post - Conflict Societies" (Stockholm: Weindenfeld and Nicholson, 1966).
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Briefing and Working Papers
Buxton, Julia, "Reintegration and Long-term Development: Linkages and Challenges," Thematic Working papers University of Bradford, 2008.
C. Watson, "Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants: What Role for the European Union? Reintegration Briefing Paper 1.1. London; International Alert, 2009.
Newspapers and Magazines
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Kingsley, Kuku, "Chairman of the Presidential Amnesty programme special Report (19% February, 2009).
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Web Source
Ofonafua, B. A, "The Niger Delta Amnesty Program: The Challenges of Transitioning from Peace Settlements to Long Term Peace" Sage Open, Dol:10.1177/2/2158244016654522, S90, Sage pub. Com accessed and retrieved, 26, June 2020.
Academic Research Papers
Hakeem, O. and A.B Moshood" The Civilianization of Ex Combatants of the Niger Delta: Progress and Challenges Reintegration Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa-2015.