The article examines the concept of the nation-state in Niccolò Machiavelli’s doctrine through the analysis of his political philosophy, historical context and understanding of state power. Although the modern term “nation-state” did not exist in Machiavelli’s time in its contemporary meaning, his political ideas contained several important foundations for the later development of this concept. Machiavelli lived in a period of political fragmentation, foreign invasions and internal instability in Italy. Therefore, the problem of political unity, strong state authority, national army, civic virtue and liberation from external domination became central to his political thought. The article shows that Machiavelli’s doctrine was directed against the weakness of divided Italian states and against dependence on mercenary forces. His political ideal was connected with the creation of a strong, independent and consolidated state capable of protecting its people, territory and political order. The study reveals that Machiavelli’s concept of the state was based on realism, historical experience, civic patriotism and the priority of public interest over private ambitions. The article concludes that Machiavelli may be regarded as one of the early thinkers who prepared the intellectual ground for the modern theory of the nation-state, especially through his ideas of sovereignty, territorial unity, national defense and political independence.