This article examines the formation and evolutionary development of the novel as a literary genre through a comparative analysis of Uzbek and English literature. The study explores the historical roots of the novel in oral traditions and epic narratives, as well as its emergence as an independent genre in written literature. Structural and aesthetic transformations during the periods of realism, modernism, and postmodernism are analyzed. The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of Mikhail Bakhtin (dialogism and chronotope) and the modernist innovations of James Joyce. Particular attention is given to the role of mythological motifs, archetypes, and symbolic systems in shaping the poetics of the novel. The findings demonstrate the flexibility, multilayered nature, and enduring relevance of the novel in the development of contemporary artistic thinking.