This study is devoted to the analysis of the elemental composition of the main products formed during biomass pyrolysis, namely pyrolysis liquid, pyrolysis gas, and pyrolysis char. The research scientifically evaluates the influence of the physicochemical and structural properties of biomass feedstock, particularly the relative proportions of lignocellulosic components—cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—on the composition of pyrolysis products. The analytical results demonstrate that lignin-rich biomass feedstocks produce pyrolysis char with a significantly higher carbon content, which can be attributed to an intensified carbonization process. In contrast, biomass rich in cellulose and hemicellulose generates a greater amount of volatile compounds during pyrolysis, leading to increased yields of pyrolysis liquid and gas. The presence of oxygen-rich functional groups was found to increase the oxygen content in the pyrolysis liquid and gas, thereby influencing their calorific value. Furthermore, the low nitrogen content confirms the environmental advantage of biomass pyrolysis. The obtained results are of considerable scientific and practical importance for biomass feedstock selection, optimization of pyrolysis technologies, and preliminary assessment of raw materials for targeted product generation. The conducted analysis indicates that biomass pyrolysis represents a promising pathway for energy production, chemical synthesis, preparation of solid adsorbents, and the production of renewable fuels.

Biomass pyrolysis, lignocellulosic components, physicochemical and structural properties

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