This research investigates the response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties to different fertilization methods in the Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone of Kebbi State. The study aims to compare the effects of sole organic and inorganic fertilization, as well as their combined application on okra growth, yield, and quality. Three okra varieties commonly grown in the region were subjected to four different treatments: organic fertilization only, inorganic fertilization only, a combination of organic and inorganic fertilization, and a control with no fertilization. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on plant height, leaf area, flowering, fruiting, and yield parameters were recorded throughout the growing season. Additionally, nutrient content and quality attributes of the harvested okra pods were analyzed. The results reveal significant variations in growth and yield parameters among the okra varieties under different fertilization treatments. This study sheds light on the most effective fertilization approach for enhancing okra productivity in the Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone, thereby contributing valuable information for sustainable agriculture practices in the region.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic symbiotic associations with the roots of the majority of land plants, playing a crucial role in enhancing plant growth and nutrient uptake. The diversity of AMF species and their interactions with various plant hosts have been subjects of extensive research in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of the significance of AMF diversity and its importance in promoting plant growth. The symbiotic relationship between AMF and plant roots involves the exchange of nutrients, including phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients, resulting in improved plant nutrient acquisition. Furthermore, AMF contribute to enhanced plant resistance to abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, and biotic stresses, including pathogen attack. The exploration of AMF diversity and their interactions with different plant species sheds light on the potential for harnessing these beneficial associations in sustainable agricultural practices and ecosystem restoration. This review discusses the key findings from various studies on AMF diversity and its positive impact on plant growth promotion, contributing to a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between these fungi and their plant partners.

This paper presents a new eco-friendly packaging material that combines straw and bioplastic, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional packaging materials. The utilization of straw, an agricultural waste product, addresses the issues of waste management and environmental pollution while reducing the dependency on non-renewable resources. By blending straw fibers with bioplastics derived from renewable sources, such as starch or polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and compostable packaging material is created. The synergistic combination of straw and bioplastic enhances the mechanical strength, barrier properties, and sustainability of the packaging material, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. This paper discusses the production process, properties, and potential applications of the straw and bioplastic fusion, highlighting its environmental benefits and contribution to a circular economy.

In this article, Rubia tinctoru L technology of obtaining a dry extract of a medicinal plant . Rubia tinctoru L the plant It is used in medicine and folk economy and dyeing fabrics and materials natural chemicals extracted from plants as paint their uses are highlighted.