Soil salinity is one of the most persistent constraints affecting cotton productivity in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly under irrigated agricultural systems. Excessive accumulation of soluble salts in the root zone disrupts soil structure, limits water and nutrient uptake, and weakens plant physiological processes, ultimately leading to significant yield reductions. In recent years, biofertilizers have gained increasing attention as an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical inputs for salinity management. This article provides an in-depth analytical review of the role of biofertilizers in reducing soil salinity in cotton cultivation. Special emphasis is placed on the biological mechanisms through which beneficial microorganisms improve soil aggregation, regulate sodium toxicity, enhance rhizosphere activity, and strengthen plant tolerance to salinity stress. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of biofertilizers when combined with organic amendments and modern irrigation practices are critically examined. The analysis demonstrates that biofertilizer-based approaches not only contribute to the gradual desalinization of soils but also promote long-term soil fertility, ecological stability, and sustainable cotton production.  

Soil salinity, cotton cultivation, biofertilizers

Presidential Decree No. DP-5742 “On measures for efficient use of land and water resources in agriculture”. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Presidential Decree No. DP-5853 “On approval of the Agriculture Development Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020–2030”. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Presidential Decree No. UP-205 “On additional measures for further development of market relations in agriculture”. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Presidential Resolution No. PR-71 “On measures to improve the use and protection of agricultural lands”. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Amjad, M., Akhtar, J., & Rashid, M. S. (2015). Evaluating the effectiveness of biofertilizer on salt tolerance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 61(8), 1165-1177.

Pulatov, A., Amanturdiev, S., Nazarov, K., Adilov, M., & Khaitov, B. (2016). Effect of biofertilizers on growth and yield of cotton in different soil conditions. Cotton Genomics and Genetics, 7.

Tagaev, A. M., Daurenbek, N. M., & Bastaubaeva, S. O. (2022, June). The effect of biofertilizers on cotton productivity and quality. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1043, No. 1, p. 012055). IOP Publishing.