The article investigates archaisms in English proverbs. The continuous sampling method is used to select some archaic proverbs for further study. These proverbs are classified into three types based on their archaisms: those with lexical archaisms, those with lexical-derivative archaisms, and those with lexical-semantic archaisms. 

The article discusses the problem of studying of the structure and content of texts of different genres. Text is the main structure of language construction at the highest level. Metaphorical expressions of the English language were mainly selected from well-known electronic sources. The main one is, of course, the British National Corps. (British National Corpus). This corpus contains samples of texts of various genres, but poetry speech samples are very rare. Literature Online (LO) was chosen as the second source. This electronic resource contains more than 2000 poems by 797 authors. A total of 554 metaphorical expressions on the subject of Sadness were selected from the "British National Corpus", while 518 expressions were found in Literature Online.

This study aims to explore the perceptions of graduate and undergraduate students on the effective utilization of social networking sites (SNS) for educational purposes. A survey was conducted among students at a university in order to investigate their attitudes and behaviors towards SNS, their perceived benefits and limitations of using SNS for educational purposes, and the factors that influence their use of SNS. The results of the study indicate that while the majority of students use SNS for educational purposes, they also perceive certain limitations associated with their use. Students who reported higher levels of perceived benefits of using SNS for educational purposes were more likely to use these platforms for academic work. The study concludes that the effective utilization of SNS in education requires a balance between the perceived benefits and limitations of these platforms.

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for simultaneous interpreting in the world. This paper introduces the definition and the process of simultaneous interpreting. And then, it proposes the general principles and techniques for simultaneous interpreting, and provides practical self-training methods.    

This article is devoted to the problem of interpreting the image of Jesus Christ (Iso Masih) in the lyric couch of the “Curiosity of the End” (“Navodir un-nixoya”) by Alisher Navoi. It analyzes the motif of the revival depicted through the symbolic image of Jesus in the poet's lyrics. However, attention is paid to the image of the image of Christ, which was considered the universal ideas of the poet and humanistic views.

The article is devoted to the linguo-pragmatic interpretation of the lexicon of children's speech, in which the research level of the problem in world and Uzbek linguistics is noted. The role of kinship terms, nicknames, dialectal words, somatism, dysphemism, and occasionalisms as a unit of reference in the speech of Uzbek children is highlighted. The reasons for the occurrence of the phenomenon of deixis during ontogenesis are explained, and the importance of extralinguistic factors in this process is explained.

This article deals with the stylistic means of artistic speech and its translation. Some basic notions from prominent scholars are given according stylistic devices and provide examples basing on the topic.

In this article, the linguopoetics, linguo-folkloristics, linguo-cultural studies, language and culture issues in the work of the poetess Farida Afro'z, the place of linguo-cultural words and units, their scope of use today, etymology, ancient mythology, dialect words, analysis of the level of use of new words in the poet's interpretation, phraseology and methodological functions of lexical units are discussed. The article refers to the work of Farida Afro'z and gives a free observation of her lyrical feelings, that a poetic image is created through the concept and words in her poems, where each word is a tool that invites to feel self-sacrifice that serves the poetic activation of other words. It is noted that the Afroz interpretation of the timeless theme has been given.

This article investigates the beliefs and practices of English teachers in relation to speaking assessment in the English language classroom. It emphasizes the need to shift the focus onto teachers themselves as active participants in the assessment process. By adopting an exploratory approach, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of speaking assessment and the crucial role of teachers in shaping assessment practices. The research design includes qualitative methods such as interviews and observations to gather data from a diverse group of English teachers. Thematic analysis is employed to identify common themes and sub-themes that emerge from the data. The findings shed light on teachers' perspectives, beliefs, and challenges related to speaking assessment, providing valuable insights for improving assessment practices in language teaching.

Thіs аrtіcle dіs the methodologіcаl аspects of teаchіng Englіsh terms to students of hіgher educаtіon іnstіtutіons. Іn pаrtіculаr, modern pedаgogіcаl technologіes, the іmportаnce of lаnguаge terms аnd effectіve methods of teаchіng them аre descrіbed. Аt the sаme tіme, the аspects thаt аre іmportаnt to pаy аttentіon to іn the course of teаchіng terms to students hаve been аnаlyzed. 

The relationship between the environment and personality is a fascinating subject that has captivated thinkers, writers, and researchers throughout history. The works of Daniel Defoe, a distinguished English writer of the 18th century, offer a rich tapestry of narratives that explore the intricate relationship between the environment and individual personality. In this article, we delve into Defoe's literary world, analyzing how he masterfully weaves the problem of environment and personality into his works. Defoe illuminates the complex interplay between the natural world and the shaping of individual identities through vivid descriptions of settings and profound character development.

The subject gives general data about authentic materials and their powerful use in classrooms. There are various definitions for authentic materials, however, they do share something. Every one of the definitions features the way that authentic materials imply “exposure to genuine language and its utilization in its local area”. “Authentic materials will be materials that we can use in the classroom and that poor person been changed in any capacity for ESL learners”. Because of the explores completed and the studies directed it has come out that there are many benefits in utilizing real materials. Simultaneously, there are a couple of inconveniences that educators and learners ought to know about while utilizing various wellsprings of authentic materials, for example, papers, television programs, menus, magazines, the web, films, tunes, pamphlets, comics, writing, and so on. The paper demonstrates the way that real materials can be utilized at any level for the learners’ requirements and information.

In this article we are talking about the types of phraseological units of the German language and its composition, the statements of famous linguists on this topic are given. The characteristics of stable verbal complexes of the language are given.    

Thіs аrtіcle discusses the tendencіes оf pedаgоgіcаl educаtіоn, cоnsіders the prоblems оf hіgher pedаgоgіcаl іnstіtutіоn іn the cоndіtіоns оf mоdernіzаtіоn оf mоdern educаtіоn аnd іntrоductіоn оf іnnоvаtіоns

Public control over the state budget is a critical aspect of democratic governance, ensuring transparency, accountability, and effective use of public funds. This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of foreign experiments and practices in public control over the state budget. By examining case studies from various countries, the article aims to identify innovative approaches, lessons learned, and best practices in enhancing public participation and oversight in budgetary processes. The article explores the mechanisms, tools, and institutional frameworks employed in different countries to promote citizen engagement, fiscal transparency, and effective budget management. Through a comparative analysis, this article seeks to contribute to the global understanding of public control over the state budget and provide insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to strengthen public accountability and citizen involvement in budgetary decision-making.

David Mitchell is a British writer known for his unusual writing that often mixes different genres, time periods and cultures.  His novels can be described as postmodern and metafictional, making him one of the most unique and prominent writers in contemporary English literature. This article examines the opinions and attitudes of critics towards David Mitchell and his work.

This article explores the role of language policy in the process of nation-building, with a specific focus on the case of Pakistan. Language plays a crucial role in shaping national identity, promoting unity, and fostering a sense of belonging among citizens. Through an analysis of historical and contemporary language policies in Pakistan, this study examines how language choices have influenced the nation-building process. By considering the impact of language policies on education, media, and public administration, this research aims to provide insights into the complex relationship between language, identity, and nation-building in Pakistan. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with language policy in multi-lingual and multi-cultural societies.

This article focuses on the problems of artistic interpretation of the images of the prophets in the lyrics of the great thinker of Uzbek classical literature Alisher Navoi. As is known, the tradition of interpreting the artistic images of the prophets has a special place in the classical literature of the Islamic East, in particular in poetry. In this sense, the poetry of Alisher Navoi is considered to be the leader in the poetic depiction of the prophets. The reflection of the artistic images of the prophets mentioned in the works of Alisher Navoi can serve as a source for a separate scientific study. This article highlights the statistics and classification of this topic. At the same time, some features of the symbolic and metaphorical images of the images of the prophets in the lyrics of Navoi are explored. There are eight Navoi lyrical sofas, seven of which were written in the Turkic language, and one in Persian. The main part of the poet's lyrics consists of four sofas, collected in the vault "Khazoyin ul-maoniy" ("Treasury of thoughts"). The article highlights the stated scientific problem on the basis of this lyrical divan.

The purpose of the article is to identify category of tension in J.D.Salinger’s works. There are two main research trends of category of tension: category of tension of existence by A.F.Losev’s philosophy; a linguistic nature of tension category by T.V.Yudina. The representational method let reveal a plan of content and expression of the stories. In «Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut» and «The Laughing Man» means of tense category representation are identified on different levels: lexical – slangs, vulgar words, author’s words; syntactical – repetitions, short imperative sentences; stylistic – epithets; a sublime tone of the narration. 

This article deals with the stylistic means of artistic speech and its translation. Some basic notions from prominent scholars are given according stylistic devices and provide examples basing on the topic.   

The main theme of the legal reforms implemented in our country today is the measures aimed at the spiritual and educational development of young people and the creation of all conditions for them to become worthy children of our country in the future. It is necessary to emphasize that the works being carried out in this matter and the adopted legislative documents are mainly aimed at protecting young people from moral threats and dangerous information and establishing legal foundations that encourage them to become perfect human beings. In today's rapidly developing era of information exchange, it is important to protect the minds of people, especially children, from dangerous information, to provide them with correct and grounded information as much as possible, and to ensure that our youth use only information that is compatible with the mentality of the Uzbek people. is one of the main goals of our state.

This research is purposed to define a nature of phonostylistic features in literary texts, to offer a scientific explanation for particularities and matter, meaning, place and role of language features with phonostylistic connotation.    

Teаchіng Englіsh to young students іs аn аreа thаt requіres specіаl аttentіon. Thіs аrtіcle dіscusses vаrіous methods, peculіаrіtіes аnd nuаnces of thіs fіeld.

The application of the concept of discourse in semantics is more complex. Discourse semantics is the analysis of how we use vocabulary in specific areas of intellectual research. An example of this is the use of a pronoun in a sentence, which the reader or listener can only understand while connected. Below we will try to analyze the peculiarities of political speech and its relationship with other areas of linguistics. This analysis explores the connection between language and structure, such as the relationship between a sentence and the broader context in which it exists.

The purpose of this article is to consider the place and specifics of lexical skills, appeal to the lexical side of the language, define vocabulary, as it is known, this is the main building material of the language. Unlike grammar, which reflects the relationship between classes of words, and always generalizes, vocabulary individualizes the utterance, gives it a specific meaning.    

Medіcіne аs а scіence іs full оf terms - wоrds аnd phrаses denоtіng scіentіfіc cоncepts, whіch reflect the essentіаl prоpertіes аnd chаrаcterіstіcs оf the оbject. Оver the yeаrs, medіcіne hаs evоlved. Thіs cаn be seen іn the аnаlysіs оf medіcаl termіnоlоgy. Wіth the develоpment оf medіcіne, termіnоlоgy аlsо develоped, аnd mаny neоlоgіsms аppeаred. 

This article discusses the use of modern pedagogical technologies in teaching English. These technologies provide opportunities for individualized learning, enhance engagement, and improve accessibility to education. However, teachers must be aware of the potential drawbacks of using these technologies, such as technological challenges, boredom, repetition, and inaccuracies. As such, teachers must ensure that they use modern pedagogical technologies effectively to meet the needs of their students.

The article discusses the art of talmeh used in the continents included in Alisher Navoi's book "Khazayin ul-Maoni". Special attention is paid to the role of Talmeh in illuminating the essence of the continents. Continents with characters such as Qorun, Hamza, Yusuf, Jesus, and Mary were analysed.

This article deals with the problem of determining the place of the English argot in a literary text. The main functions of argot in a literary text are described. The author analyzes the expressive function of the English argot by the example of a detective novel by J.H.Chase. Considerable attention is paid to the expressive function of the English slang as a means of enriching the language of a literary work.