This scholarly article analyzes the role and significance of German literature in the global literary process of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It examines the historical stages of the development of German literature, artistic explorations during the periods of modernism and postmodernism, issues of historical memory, the relationship between the individual and society, as well as the aesthetic and ideological influence of German writers on world literature. Through the works of authors such as Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Bertolt Brecht, Heinrich Böll, Günter Grass, Herta Müller, and Peter Handke, the international prestige and global relevance of German literature are substantiated.