Language policy plays a critical role in shaping and enriching a nation's lexicon by guiding linguistic development through political, cultural, and educational mechanisms. This article examines how language policy in English-and Uzbek-speaking societies has influenced the evolution and expansion of their respective word stocks. While English, as a global lingua franca, has undergone enrichment primarily through borrowing, coinage, and technological innovation, Uzbek has experienced lexical enrichment through revitalization, standardization, and incorporation of international terminology, particularly after its independence from the Soviet Union. Comparative analysis reveals that proactive language policies–whether liberal or protectionist–impact the rate and manner of vocabulary growth. The paper concludes by highlighting the significance of strategic language planning in preserving linguistic identity while enabling adaptability to global communication needs.