The article is devoted to the lexical and semantic features of the terminology associated with vegetable and melon crops. The study analyzes the words and expressions used to describe various types of plants, their parts, cultivation processes and characteristics. The features of the use of terms in various contexts, as well as the influence of regional and cultural factors on the formation and development of this vocabulary are considered. Particular attention is paid to changes in the meanings of words over time and their interaction with scientific and everyday speech. The work is aimed at identifying the patterns underlying the formation of terminology systems of agronomy and botany, as well as describing the semantic nuances associated with the concept of agricultural crops in the Russian language.