In this article, Rubia tinctoru L Block diagram of obtaining a dry extract of a medicinal plant and determination of acute toxicity. Rubia tinctoru L the plant It is used in medicine and folk economy and dyeing fabrics and materials natural chemicals extracted from plants as paint their uses are highlighted.

A mineral belonging to the group of native elements is native sulfur.  It appears as yellow-colored sintered masses, swarms, and crystals.  Native sulfur is frequently nearly pure.  Volcanic sulfur frequently contains trace levels of As, Se, Te, and Ti.  Many deposits of sulfur contain bitumen, clay, different sulfates, and carbonates that contaminate the sulfur.  It has gas inclusions as well as a mother liquor-containing liquid with NaCl, CaCl, Na2SO4, etc. Selenium sulfur, or Se, can be found in it up to 5.18% of the time.

Electrical contact systems play a critical role in various electronic devices and power systems, and their reliable performance is essential for ensuring efficient electrical transmission and preventing overheating issues. This study presents an analytical and experimental investigation of the electrical-thermal behavior of electrical contact systems. The analytical approach involves the development of mathematical models to predict the electrical and thermal characteristics of the contact systems under different operating conditions. The experimental investigation utilizes advanced measurement techniques to validate the analytical models and gain insights into the contact system's actual performance. Factors such as contact resistance, electrical current, contact pressure, and environmental conditions are analyzed to understand their influence on the electrical and thermal behavior of the contacts. The findings of this study contribute to the optimization and design of electrical contact systems, leading to enhanced performance, reduced power losses, and increased reliability in electronic and power applications.

In the beneficial use of the heat of the internal combustion engine of drilling equipment has great scientific and practical importance.

The article presents a heat exchange device for the beneficial use of thermal energy, which occurs during operation of an engine with an internal combustion chamber of a diesel power plant used in drilling operations and experimental studies to increase the efficiency of work using a thermoelectric generator.

Reducing the time of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits and the beneficial use of heat from drilling equipment in geological exploration, analysis of energy production and its consumption, and reduction in fuel and energy consumption has great scientific and practical importance.

This article presents the valuable use of energy in the form of heat released during the operation of the internal combustion engine of a diesel power plant used in drilling operations, and its consumption.

Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural systems, particularly for smallholder farmers in vulnerable regions. This study investigates the adaptation strategies employed by smallholder farmers in the Volta Region of Ghana to cope with increasing climate extremes. Through a combination of qualitative interviews, field surveys, and data analysis, we explore the cropping practices that farmers have adopted in response to changing climatic conditions. The study highlights the importance of local knowledge, traditional practices, and access to information and resources in cultivating resilience to climate challenges. Findings reveal that farmers have implemented diverse adaptation measures, including altered planting schedules, crop diversification, and water management techniques. Moreover, the study sheds light on the barriers and opportunities for enhancing farmers' adaptive capacity in the face of climate variability. These insights contribute to a better understanding of climate change adaptation among smallholder farmers and offer valuable implications for policymakers and development agencies aiming to support sustainable agricultural practices in the Volta Region and similar contexts.

This study investigates the protective effects of ethyl acetate root extract of Terminalia glaucescens on Drosophila melanogaster against virulent Aspergillus species. Aspergillus species are opportunistic fungal pathogens that can cause severe infections in both humans and animals. Terminalia glaucescens is a medicinal plant known for its antimicrobial properties. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential of ethyl acetate root extract of Terminalia glaucescens in protecting Drosophila melanogaster against virulent Aspergillus species. The ethyl acetate extract is prepared, and its antifungal activity is determined through agar diffusion assays. Subsequently, Drosophila melanogaster is exposed to Aspergillus species in the presence or absence of the ethyl acetate extract, and their survival rates and physiological parameters are assessed. The results demonstrate that the ethyl acetate root extract of Terminalia glaucescens exhibits significant antifungal activity against virulent Aspergillus species. Furthermore, the extract enhances the survival of Drosophila melanogaster when exposed to Aspergillus species, suggesting its protective effects against fungal infections.