Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is one of the most common gynecological pathologies in middle-aged and elderly women. POP is detected in 15-30% of women, reaching 40% in the age group over 50 years (1, 2).

Pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence are among the most common diseases in women of middle and older age groups. Currently, this pathology accounts for at least 30% of the structure of gynecological diseases. Studies of morbidity over the past few years show that about 14% of women require surgical correction of pelvic organ prolapse [3]. According to a large-scale study in the population by Wu JM et al., 20% of women by the age of 80 undergo surgery for genital prolapse, with the peak of surgical activity occurring at the age of 71-73 years (4.3 per 1000 women) [4].

Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a common medical emergency that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis to guide treatment and minimize complications. Diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of BAT, with ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) being the most widely used modalities. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ultrasonography and CT scans in diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma, comparing their diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and ability to detect different types of injuries. A total of 100 patients with suspected BAT were enrolled in the study, undergoing both US and CT imaging. The results demonstrated that while ultrasonography is a quick, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool for initial assessment, it is limited in detecting certain injuries, particularly in obese patients or those with retroperitoneal injuries. On the other hand, CT scanning, although more expensive and requiring longer processing time, was found to have superior sensitivity and accuracy, effectively identifying a wider range of abdominal injuries, including those involving solid organs, bowel perforation, and retroperitoneal trauma. The findings suggest that ultrasonography remains an essential first-line diagnostic tool, particularly in hemodynamically unstable patients, while CT should be considered for further evaluation in stable patients to provide a comprehensive assessment of abdominal trauma.

In military soldiers who have abdominal surgery or have abdominal trauma, intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is a serious and frequently disregarded ailment. If treatment is not received, it may result in serious side effects such as organ failure, a protracted recuperation period, or even death. It is still unclear how common IAH is in military contexts, especially in relation to surgeries and injuries sustained in combat. The purpose of this article is to determine the risk factors, evaluate possible consequences, and determine the prevalence of IAH among military troops undergoing abdominal surgery and trauma. For military patients to receive early interventions, better clinical management, and better long-term results, it is essential to comprehend the prevalence and effects of IAH.

The article examines aspects of the clinical course, diagnostics and treatment of various forms of cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive) in children. Due to the relevance of the problem, the obtained data on the features of the clinical course, diagnostics and tactics of patient management are of interest to cardiologists, general practitioners and pediatricians of family clinics.

A total of 37 children aged 0-17 years were examined. Among those examined, the frequency of various forms of cardiomyopathy was: dilated - 62.1%, hypertrophic - 32.4%, restrictive - 5.4%. Anamnestic data, severity of the course, features of ECG, echocardiography, radiography for each form of cardiomyopathy were studied.

Latent, mild, but more often moderate and severe course of the disease was noted. Patients with DCM and HCM often have various rhythm and conduction disorders. Outpatient observation and timely (continuous) therapy of CHF are indicated for children with cardiomyopathies. In severe cases of HCM with obstructive forms of HCM, the issue of surgical treatment is considered.

This study examines the trends in neonatal mortality rates in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) at Gharian Teaching Hospital over the past five years, aiming to identify key factors contributing to mortality and their implications for clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was conducted, utilizing hospital records to assess neonatal outcomes from January 2018 to December 2022. The results indicate that the neonatal mortality rate in the SCBU has shown a gradual decline, from 15% in 2018 to 10% in 2022. However, specific factors, including prematurity, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies, remain prevalent among the deceased infants. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve neonatal care, particularly in managing high-risk pregnancies and enhancing the quality of care in the SCBU. The study concludes with recommendations for healthcare practitioners and policymakers to implement evidence-based practices that address the identified challenges, aiming to further reduce neonatal mortality rates and improve overall neonatal health outcomes.