Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are widely used in the medical field. This article analyzes the methods of effective management of resources using SI in medical institutions and their economic solutions.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of pediatric HIV infection with a specific focus on the gastrointestinal manifestations. It covers the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV-associated enteropathy, as well as the potential complications. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized, along with the role of supportive care and counseling for children and their families.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a non-invasive marker of early atherosclerosis and has been increasingly recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. This study aims to evaluate CIMT in Nigerian patients with pre-dialysis CKD and to explore its potential as a marker for cardiovascular risk in this population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 Nigerian patients diagnosed with pre-dialysis CKD. Participants were recruited from outpatient nephrology clinics in Lagos. Inclusion criteria included an estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 mZ and the absence of dialysis treatment. Exclusion criteria were the presence of acute kidney injury, malignancy, or significant cardiovascular events within the past six months. CIMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound of the common carotid artery. The measurements were performed by a trained sonographer and analyzed using ImageJ software. Clinical data including age, gender, diabetes status, hypertension, and duration of CKD were collected.

The study cohort had a mean age of 58 ± 10 years, with 60% of participants being male. The average CIMT value was 1.20 ± 0.15 mm, significantly higher than the normative values for the general population. CIMT measurements were positively correlated with age, duration of CKD, and the presence of hypertension. Diabetic patients had higher CIMT values compared to non-diabetic patients (1.25 ± 0.18 mm vs. 1.15 ± 0.12 mm, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that hypertension and diabetes were independent predictors of increased CIMT in this population.

The findings indicate that Nigerian patients with pre-dialysis CKD exhibit elevated CIMT values, reflecting increased cardiovascular risk. The correlation between CIMT and traditional risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes underscores the importance of monitoring these parameters in CKD management. Elevated CIMT in this cohort suggests that early cardiovascular screening and intervention strategies may be necessary to improve patient outcomes.

CIMT is a valuable non-invasive marker for assessing cardiovascular risk in Nigerian patients with pre-dialysis CKD. The study highlights the need for routine CIMT screening in CKD patients to identify those at higher risk for cardiovascular events. Further research is warranted to evaluate the impact of early intervention on cardiovascular outcomes in this population.

In iodine deficiency there is a decrease in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, which play an important role in the life activity of a person of any age. Our studies have shown that in children with iodine deficiency there is a tendency to worsen the course of epilepsy, the severity and progressive nature of psychopathological disorders, and with the addition of L-thyroxine to traditional treatment there is a positive dynamic of the disease.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic degenerative joint diseases, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the long-term effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including the development of OA. The object of this study is the impact of COVID-19 on the clinical, immunological, and genetic features of OA. The article discusses the mechanisms leading to inflammatory processes in the joints, as well as genetic aspects that may be associated with cartilage regeneration. Patients after COVID-19 have more pronounced OA symptoms, which confirms the need for further study of this relationship to develop effective approaches to treatment and rehabilitation.

The accurate estimation of time since death, or postmortem interval (PMI), is a critical component in forensic investigations. Traditional methods, while useful, often present limitations in precision due to various environmental and biological factors. This study explores the potential of histological examination of the Bowman's capsule in the human kidney as a novel method for PMI estimation.
The Bowman's capsule, a component of the nephron, plays a vital role in the filtration of blood in the kidneys. Postmortem changes in the renal tissue, particularly in the Bowman's capsule, follow a predictable pattern influenced by autolysis and decomposition processes. This study aims to establish a correlation between the histological changes observed in the Bowman's capsule and the time elapsed since death.
Methodology involves the collection of kidney samples from deceased individuals with known PMIs. These samples undergo a standardized histological preparation process, including fixation, sectioning, and staining. The primary focus is on identifying and quantifying specific histopathological changes within the Bowman's capsule, such as cellular degradation, structural integrity, and other morphological alterations.
Preliminary results indicate a consistent progression of histological changes in the Bowman's capsule over time, providing a potential timeline for PMI estimation. These changes are meticulously documented and analyzed using advanced imaging techniques and statistical models to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
The study also considers variables that may affect the rate of histological changes, such as environmental conditions, cause of death, and individual health status prior to death. By accounting for these factors, the research aims to refine the method and improve its reliability across different scenarios.
The findings suggest that histological examination of the Bowman's capsule could serve as a valuable tool in forensic pathology, offering a more precise estimation of PMI compared to traditional methods. This technique could enhance the accuracy of forensic investigations, contributing to the resolution of legal and medical cases involving uncertain timelines of death.
Further research is warranted to validate these findings across larger and more diverse sample sets. Future studies may also explore the integration of this method with other postmortem examination techniques to develop a comprehensive approach for PMI estimation.