Pharmacotherapy, the use of medications to treat diseases, has been an integral part of modern medicine, significantly improving patient outcomes and quality of life. From antibiotics to antivirals, analgesics to antihypertensives, the spectrum of pharmaceutical agents available for managing diseases is vast and continually expanding. This article aims to provide an in-depth exploration of pharmacotherapy across various disease categories, highlighting key medications used, their mechanisms of action, and their role in disease management.

This study delves into the nuanced landscape of drug-induced dystonia among pediatric patients seeking emergency care at a teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria. Titled "Pediatric Drug-Induced Dystonia: Patterns and Outcomes in the Emergency Room of a Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria," the research explores the epidemiological patterns, clinical characteristics, and outcomes associated with drug-induced dystonia in the pediatric population. Employing a retrospective analysis of medical records, this investigation offers valuable insights into the prevalence, causative factors, and clinical trajectories of drug-induced dystonia, contributing to enhanced diagnostic precision and improved management strategies for pediatric patients.

In our studies, the predominance of the proportion of chronic vertebral-basilar insufficiency in women was found. Men were significantly more likely to have acute brain disorder in the vertebral-basilar sistem. In persons younger than 50 years, no ischemic strokes were detected in 87% of cases, this indicator decreased by half at the age of 50 to 60 years and remained in persons older than 60 years. Thus, the most vulnerable age period in relation to the development of stroke is the age over 52.6 years. According to WHO statistics, more than 15 million cases of stroke are registered annually in the world, of which more than 30% die within a year, more than 80% become disabled.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that this is a disease that affects almost all organs and systems. At the same time, the problem of damage to the nervous system that leads to serious consequences in the form of various vascular inflammation and degenerative pathologies (stroke, encephalitis, polyneuropathy) of the brain and peripheral nerves are increasing. The question of the origin of cognitive impairment at a young age in people who did not have any problems with intellectual functions before COVID-19 is more complicated. This issue is closely related to the issue of the pathogenesis of damage to the nervous system in COVID-19. At the same time, the cognitive function of a person also closely depends on the emotional state, educational qualification, gender and age. These factors are not well covered in the literature. With this in mind, we conducted this study.

The thyroid gland of posterity, got from full-grown with chronic intoxication by pesticides vigor and titanium, have been studied on 1-90 day after birth using electron microscopy methods. It is revealed that intoxication of the maternal organism vastly slows the rates of postnatal formation of secretory follicles. It is expected that discovered ultrastructural changes of the thyrocytes are the morphological substratum of the dysfunctions of the thyroid gland.

This article aims to explore innovative strategies and interventions aimed at enhancing the management of pathologically altered dental status in elderly and senile individuals undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. By examining emerging research, successful case studies, and evolving treatment modalities, we seek to shed light on promising avenues for improving the overall health outcomes and quality of life for this vulnerable population. By synthesizing insights from diverse perspectives, we aspire to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of this critical healthcare intersection.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is myocardial dysfunction causing heart failure in which ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction predominate. Symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, and peripheral edema. Diagnosis is clinical and by elevated natriuretic peptides, chest x-ray, echocardiography, and MRI. Treatment is directed at the cause. If heart failure is progressive and severe, cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, repair of moderate to severe valvular regurgitation, left ventricular assist device, or heart transplantation may be needed.

Premature birth remains a serious problem in obstetrics and gynecology, having a significant impact on the health of newborns and mothers. One of the key factors contributing to premature birth is the insufficiency of the fetoplacental system. In this study, we will focus on the compensatory and adaptive features of the fetoplacental system in preterm labor, in order to understand the mechanisms underlying this condition.

This study delves into the potential occupational health risks faced by printing workers due to toluene exposure, specifically focusing on its impact on central nervous disorders. Toluene, a common solvent in the printing industry, has been associated with adverse health effects, and its neurotoxic properties raise concerns about central nervous system implications. Through a comprehensive investigation, combining workplace assessments, exposure monitoring, and health evaluations, we aim to assess the correlation between toluene exposure levels and the risk of central nervous disorders among printing workers. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of occupational hazards in the printing industry and inform preventive measures to safeguard the health and well-being of workers.

We present 3 patients with hair thinning that is pronounced on the top of the head (Fig.1 a,b,c). Thinning of the vertex region is characteristic of female-type androgenetic alopecia but is not diagnostic. Trichoscopy (dermoscopy of hair and scalp) can provide important differential diagnostic information.