Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication in critically ill children admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Early detection of AKI is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. This study investigates the utility of serum cystatin C as an early indicator for AKI in critically ill children in PICUs. A prospective cohort study was conducted, involving a sample of critically ill children admitted to PICUs. Serum cystatin C levels were measured at regular intervals, and AKI was diagnosed using standard criteria. The results indicate that serum cystatin C levels rise significantly in children with AKI, providing a potential early biomarker for AKI detection. This study sheds light on the clinical utility of serum cystatin C in predicting AKI development, allowing for timely interventions and improved management of critically ill children in PICUs.

Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting children but can also occur in adults. This abstract provides an overview of the clinical features of chickenpox at the present stage. The incubation period ranges from 10 to 21 days, followed by a prodromal phase characterized by nonspecific symptoms. The hallmark clinical feature is the development of a characteristic rash, starting as red macules and progressing into fluid-filled vesicles that crust over. Itching is a common symptom associated with the rash. Fever, typically mild to moderate, is a common accompaniment. Respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sore throat, or runny nose, may occur in some cases. General discomfort, including body aches and headache, is also observed. Awareness of these clinical features aids in early diagnosis and appropriate management. Preventive measures, including vaccination, are crucial for reducing the incidence and severity of chickenpox.

From January 2022 to December 2022, 201 patients aged 2 months to 52 years were treated at the Bukhara Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital, including 126 (63%) children aged 2 months to 17 years and 75 (37%) adults aged 18 to 52 years. patients, most of whom were men. Epidemiological and anamnestic anamnesis, the clinical course of the disease, and clinical-laboratory results were analyzed in all patients, and characteristics of the clinical course in children and older patients with chicken pox were studied.

I’m The organism's reactivity to stress, endurance, changing living conditions, extreme situations and other stressful effects is the main criterion of the organism's adaptation and vitality.

In this study, laboratory rats were divided into groups according to the level of activity, and their various behaviors were evaluated in the "open field" test. In the test, the rats were released into the central sector of the arena, and the horizontal and vertical movement activity, the number of looks into the holes, and the number of defecation were recorded. Behavioral activity of animals was determined during 3-minute observation and the results were compared.

The goal was to study the state of the immune system of children with laryngeal papillomatosis depending on the clinical course of the disease in the dynamics of antiviral therapy. A comparative analysis of immunological parameters was carried out in the dynamics of standard therapy (before and after), and after standard + immunotropic therapy. For this purpose, 252 children with laryngeal papillomatosis aged 3 to 9 years were examined. All children were examined and treated in the surgical department of otolaryngology of TMA. In order to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of children, the following division into groups was carried out: Group I - children with a continuously recurrent course of papillomatosis of the larynx were divided into two subgroups: Subgroup I - the comparison group received standard treatment surgery + IFN preparations (reaferon) - one course per 28 days; Subgroup I - study group surgery + IFN preparations (alpha-IFN / inosine) - according to the scheme for 1 year. Group II - children with a frequently relapsing course of PH: II a subgroup - received standard treatment surgery + IFN preparations (reaferon) - one course for 28 days; II in the subgroup - surgery + IFN preparations (alpha-IFN / inosine) - according to the scheme for 6 months. Group III - children with a rarely recurrent course of PH: III a group - surgery; III in group - surgery + likopid. Unidirectional changes in the state of the immune response in papillomatosis of the larynx were revealed, which were most pronounced in the group of children with a continuously recurrent form of papillomatosis of the larynx. In the dynamics of therapy, improvements in the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity were found;

The high urgency of the problem of degenerative changes in the spine in the lumbar region is determined by neurological manifestations, changes in psychological and personal characteristics, and a decrease in the quality of life, which attracts close attention of the scientific and medical communities. In particular, it is associated with the peculiarities of the course of the disease, the high frequency of exacerbations and the occurrence in females of the most able-bodied age, unsatisfactory results of treatment and rehabilitation measures, the transformation of the pain syndrome into a chronic form and progressive disability (1,2,3,4,5 ,6,7,8).

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by progressive dystonia that responds dramatically to levodopa treatment. In some cases, DRD is caused by mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1) gene, leading to GTP cyclohydrolase-1 deficiency. However, a subset of DRD cases can also be attributed to mutations in the PTS gene, which encodes 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). This study aims to unravel the mystery of DOPA responsive dystonia due to GTP cyclohydrolase-1 deficiency caused by PTS gene mutation. We present a case report of a patient with DRD, where whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel PTS gene mutation. Through this investigation, we shed light on the pathogenesis and genetic basis of this rare form of DRD, providing insights that may lead to improved diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling for affected individuals.

Aesthetic blepharoplasty is one of the most delicate and technically complex cosmetic interventions on the face. In this case, for each patient, a different approach is usually developed. The expression of the eyes is directly dependent on the state of the eyelids and periorbital tissues [2,3,6,10]. The eyelids, as a functional component of the face, play an essential aesthetic role. It is known that the upper eyelid is more mobile than the lower and covers 3/4 of the surface of the eyeball [20]. It has a well-defined horizontal groove, which is formed due to the interlacing of the fibers of the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid [21]. The anterior surface of the eyelid has the structure of the skin [16]. At the same time, it was found that this is the thinnest part of the skin of the human body with fewer layers of the epidermis and reduced keratinization of epithelial cells [12-15]. Due to the presence of a thin layer of subcutaneous tissue, the eyelids are extremely mobile. It should be noted that this sulcus is not visualized in Asians due to the peculiarities of muscle attachment and redistribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue [1,4,5,8]. In this area, the skin first of all undergoes age-related changes, loses its elasticity and sags [18,19]. Eyelid deformities can cause severe functional disorders, and also represent a clear aesthetic defect [17]. In order to achieve the desired result from blepharoplasty, it is necessary to determine what types of tissues and in what volume should be removed [7,9,11].

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented global crisis, causing widespread health, social, and economic impacts. However, amidst the challenges, there have been unseen positive effects that have emerged. This paper aims to unveil the less-discussed beneficial consequences of the pandemic across various domains. The study explores positive effects on the environment, technological advancements, work-life balance, family bonds, and healthcare systems. Reduced air pollution, accelerated technological innovations, improved work-life integration, strengthened family relationships, and transformative changes in healthcare practices are among the hidden positive outcomes that have arisen during the pandemic. Acknowledging and understanding these unforeseen advantages can provide valuable insights for shaping a more resilient and sustainable future beyond the pandemic.

Patients aged 65-89 years who were treated for pancreatitis of biliary etiology were analyzed. In the following physical examination, the general condition, characteristics and intensity of pain syndrome, symptoms of intoxication and disorders of central and peripheral hemodynamics are determined, peristaltic bowel sounds are studied and characteristic percussive and ascultatory symptoms are determined; Changes in percussive sounds associated with dynamic bowel obstruction, circulatory disorders were evaluated.

The purpose of the study was to study the role of cytokines and major interferons in children with laryngeal papillomatosis in the dynamics of antiviral therapy in the postoperative period. To achieve this goal, 252 children with laryngeal papillomatosis aged 3 to 9 years were examined. All children were examined and treated in the surgical department of otolaryngology of TMA. In order to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of children, the following division into groups was carried out: Group I - children with a continuously recurrent course of papillomatosis of the larynx were divided into two subgroups: Subgroup I - the comparison group received standard treatment surgery + IFN preparations (reaferon) - one course per 28 days; Subgroup I - study group surgery + IFN preparations (alpha-IFN / inosine) - according to the scheme for 1 year. Group II - children with a frequently relapsing course of PH: II a subgroup - received standard treatment surgery + IFN preparations (reaferon) - one course for 28 days; II in the subgroup - surgery + IFN preparations (alpha-IFN / inosine) - according to the scheme for 6 months. Group III - children with a rarely recurrent course of PH: III a group - surgery; Group III - surgery + licopid. It was revealed that the analysis of the main interferons and cytokines of the immune system made it possible to establish that the changes obtained in a comparative analysis of clinical variants of laryngeal papillomatosis are amenable to immunotropic therapy, which is expressed by the use of an antiviral drug. Moreover, there is an improvement in the values of cytokines and interferons, which is expressed in a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and in an increase in the production of IFN-α and IFN-γ, which have pronounced antiviral properties. The clinical result of therapy was a decrease in the number of recurrences of papillomatosis in children, an improvement in general well-being, and clinical and laboratory indicators of the disease.

In patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, changes occurring in cardiomyocytes and the extracellular matrix after myocardial injury (eg, myocardial infarction or myocarditis) lead to pathological remodeling of the ventricle with dilatation, changes in geometry (the LV becomes more spherical), and impaired contractility. Next, there is a systemic response to a decrease in LV systolic function. In patients, there is an increase in the activity of pressor systems: sympathoadrenal system (SAS), renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin, vasopressin and cytokines systems. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems is of key importance. These neurohumoral factors not only cause peripheral vasoconstriction, sodium and fluid retention, but, consequently, an increase in the hemodynamic load on the left ventricle, but also have a direct toxic effect on the myocardium, stimulating fibrosis and apoptosis, which leads to further remodeling of the heart and disruption of its function. Clinically, all these changes are associated with the development and progression of symptoms of CHF and lead to a deterioration in the quality of life, a decrease in the physical activity of patients, decompensation of heart failure requiring hospitalization, and death as a result of both “pumping” heart failure and the appearance of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The severity of clinical manifestations of diastolic CHF and the prognosis of patients is primarily determined by the severity of diastolic dysfunction [19-22] which leads to further remodeling of the heart and disruption of its function.

This article devoted to the planning and surgical treatment of patients with post-traumatic defects of the lower wall of orbit. Despite a significant amount of work, developments concerning the choice of planning methods and surgical treatment are rather fragmentary and not systematized, which allows to orient the activity of the maxillofacial surgeon and scientific research to develop and improve methods of diagnostics, planning and surgical treatment of post-traumatic defects of the lower orbit wall.