Iodine is an essential trace element for human health. Iodine performs various functions in the human body, especially in the production of thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine and thyroxine. In addition, it affects the immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and gastrointestinal systems. Studies have shown that thyroid diseases are associated with impaired functioning of all organs and tissues, especially a number of cardiovascular complications, which are associated with an increased risk of death. Recently, the effect of replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system in cases of thyroid hormone deficiency has been the subject of much debate and different opinions.

Hypothyroidism, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, heart failure

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This article reviews the common comorbidities of hypothyroidism, as reported in the literature. The comorbidities of hypothyroidism include clinical conditions commonly associated with hypothyroidism, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, fatigue or (possibly) …

Dusp14-Mediated Dephosphorylation of MLKL Protects Against Cardiomyocyte Necroptosis in Hypothyroidism-Induced Heart Failure.

Zheng Y, Cao Y, Wang W, Tong Y, Wang S, Li C, Zhao M, Song Y, Wang YG, Qi J, Wu C, Yang J, Zheng J, Gao J, Wang J, Yang Q, Liu G, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Zhang YY, Tang YD.Circulation. 2025 Jun 24;151(25):1797-1813. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.125.074353. Epub 2025 May 13.PMID: 40357546

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Hypothyroidism.

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Iodineminho Study: Iodine Supplementation and Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency In Pregnant Women.

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Liang D, Wang L, Zhong P, Lin J, Chen L, Chen Q, Liu S, Luo Z, Ke C, Lai Y.Adv Nutr. 2025 Mar;16(3):100384. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100384. Epub 2025 Feb 4.PMID: 39914495

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Risks of Iodine Excess.

Sohn SY, Inoue K, Rhee CM, Leung AM.Endocr Rev. 2024 Nov 22;45(6):858-879. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnae019.PMID: 38870258

Retrospective Case-Control Study Examining the Association of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Suppression and Vascular Wall Inflammation on [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT.

Einspieler H, Hennig B, Reiterits B, Klimpfinger H, Hacker M, Karanikas G.Thyroid. 2025 Apr;35(4):357-366. doi: 10.1089/thy.2024.0476. Epub 2025 Mar 7.PMID: 40053389

Thyroid and cardiovascular diseases.

Tan Öksüz SB, Şahin M.Turk J Med Sci. 2024 Oct 1;54(7):1420-1427. doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5927. eCollection 2024.PMID: 39735488