This article examines the professional and sector-specific characteristics of medical texts and identifies their principal lexical, semantic, structural, and stylistic features. Medical texts represent a specialized type of discourse whose linguistic organization is determined by the specific requirements of medicine, its terminology, professional communication, and practical objectives. Particular attention is paid to the use of specialized medical terminology, including international terms derived from Latin and Greek, as well as to the relationship between terminology and the degree of specialization of a text. The study demonstrates that medical texts differ not only from texts belonging to other professional domains but also from one another depending on the particular branch of medicine they represent. Texts related to therapy, neurology, traumatology, cardiology, epidemiology, histology, and physiology demonstrate different patterns of semantic organization, terminology, description, and information presentation. Highly specialized texts tend to contain complex terminology and detailed professional descriptions, whereas texts intended for patients or non-specialists demonstrate greater semantic and lexical simplification. The article concludes that sector-specific specialization is one of the fundamental characteristics determining the structure, style, semantic content, and communicative effectiveness of medical texts.