The article examines the historical development of children’s literature in Japan prior to the Meiji period. Challenging the traditional view that authentic Japanese children's literature emerged only under Western influence in the late 19th century, the author argues that a distinct cultural practice of creating and adapting texts for children existed throughout Japanese history. The study traces the evolution of these texts from archaic myths and legends, through the aristocratic narratives of the Heian period and the otogizōshi of the Muromachi era, to the vibrant culture of illustrated books (ehon) and educational materials in the Edo period. By analyzing key literary monuments, folk traditions such as warabeuta (children’s songs), and the pedagogical role of terakoya schools, the article demonstrates that pre-modern Japanese literature formed a profound foundation for modern developments.