POLICY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH NORMATIVE LEGAL ACTS IN UZBEKISTAN: ACTORS, PROCEDURES, AND PRACTICE
Abstract
This article examines the evolving lawmaking practices in Uzbekistan, focusing on actors, processes, and reforms that shape normative legal acts. Since 2016, reforms have significantly increased legislative output, but rapid lawmaking has brought challenges, including transparency issues and procedural inconsistencies. Analyzing data from the National Database of Legislation (LexUz) and assessing recent reforms, this study explores Uzbekistan’s legislative framework, institutional roles, and public participation mechanisms. Key findings highlight the need for stricter adherence to procedural standards, enhanced transparency, and broader public engagement to address regulatory challenges and strengthen governance. Recommendations are made for promoting evidence-based policymaking, improving interagency cooperation, and enhancing accountability measures. These improvements are crucial for achieving an effective, transparent, and accountable lawmaking process aligned with democratic principles.
Keywords
Lawmaking, normative legal acts, actorsHow to Cite
References
The World Justice Project, WJP Rule of Law Index 2023, (2023), https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/country/2023/Uzbekistan/.
Gary Goodpaster, “Law Reform in Developing Countries,” Transnat’l L. & Contemp. Probs. 13 (2003): 659.
Derick Brinkerhoff and Arthur Goldsmith, “Clientelism, Patrimonialism and Democratic Governance: An Overview and Framework for Assessment and Programming,” January 1, 2002.
Vineeta Yadav, Political Parties, Business Groups, and Corruption in Developing Countries (Oxford University Press, 2011).
Susan Webb Yackee, “The ‘Science’ of Policy Development During Administrative Rulemaking,” Policy Studies Journal, June 23, 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111.
Robert B. Seidman, “Drafting for the Rule of Law: Maintaining Legality in Developing Countries,” Yale J. Int’l L. 12 (1987): 84.
David Fairman, “Resolving Public Conflicts in Developing Countries,” Disp. Resol. Mag. 12 (2005–2006): 9.
Guidelines on Democratic Lawmaking for Better Laws. 2023. The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), p. 10.
Guidelines on Democratic Lawmaking for Better Laws. 2023. The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), p. 10.
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 5 (LexUz 2021).
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PF-5505, Annex 1, the Concept of Improving Regulatory development activit
ies (LexUz 2018).
Guidelines on Democratic Lawmaking for Better Laws. 2023. The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), p. 3.
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 15 (LexUz 2023).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 16 (LexUz 2023).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 4 (LexUz 2021).
The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 434-II, Article 18 (LexUz 2002).
The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 434-II, Article 34 (LexUz 2002).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 98 (LexUz 2023).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 98 (LexUz 2023).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Regulations of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 522-II, Article 191 (LexUz 2003).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Procedure for Preparing Draft Laws and Their Submission to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. LRU-60, article 8 (LexUz 2006).
Guidelines on Democratic Lawmaking for Better Laws. 2023. The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), p. 10.
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 105 (LexUz 2023).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Articles 114-115 (LexUz 2023).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 116 (LexUz 2023).
The Rules of Preparation and Adoption of Departmental Regulations, Registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Registration No. 2565 (LexUz 2014).
The Rules of Preparation and Adoption of Departmental Regulations, Registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Registration No. 2565 (LexUz 2014).
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-3666, (LexUz 2018).
The Rules of Preparation and Adoption of Departmental Regulations, Registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Registration No. 2565 (LexUz 2014).
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-3666, (LexUz 2018).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 126 (LexUz 2023).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 133 (LexUz 2023).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Courts, No. LRU-703, Article 18 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Courts, No. LRU-703, Article 22 (LexUz 2021).
Regulation on the procedure for submitting electronic collective petitions through the web portal “Mening fikrim” and their consideration, The Joint Resolution of the Council of the Legislative Chamber and Council of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 2310-III/QQ-503-III. (LexUz 2019).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Referendum of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 265-II, Articles 39-40 (LexUz 2001).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Regulations of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 522-II, Article 36 (LexUz 2003).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 19 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 19 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 21 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 33 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 23 (LexUz 2021).
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-75, (LexUz 2024).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 23 (LexUz 2021).
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Additional Measures for Further Improvement of the Investment Climate and the Business Environment in the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PF-4609, (LexUz 2014).
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-3666, (LexUz 2018), the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PF-89, (LexUz 2022).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. LRU-483, Articles 21-23 (LexUz 2018).
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-292 (LexUz 2023).
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-5025, Regulation on the Procedure of Regulatory Impact Assessment of Normative Legal Acts and Their Drafts (LexUz 2021).
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-5025, Regulation on the Procedure of Regulatory Impact Assessment of Normative Legal Acts and Their Drafts (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men, No. LRU-562, Article 7 (LexUz 2019).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 25 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Anti-Corruption Expertise of Normative Legal Acts and Their Projects, No. LRU-860, Article 20 (LexUz 2023).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 32 (LexUz 2021).
The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 434-II, Article 29 (LexUz 2002).
The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 434-II, Article 30 (LexUz 2002).
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 99 (LexUz 2023).
The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 434-II, Article 32 (LexUz 2002).
The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 432-II, Article 28 (LexUz 2002). The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. 434-II, Article 33 (LexUz 2002).
Bulmer, Elliot, “Presidential Veto Powers.” International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), p.20, 2017.
Bulmer, Elliot, “Presidential Veto Powers.” International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), p.19, 2017.
Bulmer, Elliot, “Presidential Veto Powers.” International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), p.19-20, 2017.
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 36 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 37 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Sanitary-epidemiological Well-being of the Population, No. LRU-393, Article 5 (LexUz 2015).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 34 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 38 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 39 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 40 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Articles 48-51 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 53 (LexUz 2021).
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Normative Legal Acts, No. LRU-682, Article 45 (LexUz 2021).
Petition No. 96-s-p/18, Collective Petitions Portal. https://meningfikrim.uz/uz/petitions/view/143 (Accessed June 1, 2024).
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PF-5997, Annex 3 (LexUz 2020).
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PF-5997, Annex 3 (LexUz 2020).
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PF-5997, Annex 3 (LexUz 2020).
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PF-5997, Annex 3 (LexUz 2020).
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Bobir Turdiev
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.