The rapid digitalisation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where Internet penetration reached 70.5 % by 2025, has brought to the fore the problem of gender‑based digital violence (cyberstalking, online harassment, doxxing, image‑based abuse and other forms of technology‑facilitated aggression). The article analyses the effectiveness of the national legislation of Uzbekistan in protecting women from digital (virtual) violence. The work uses comparative legal, formal‑legal, doctrinal methods and the method of legal modelling. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Protection of Women from Oppression and Violence” (2019), the Criminal Code, the Code of Administrative Responsibility and other normative acts in comparison with international standards (CEDAW, General Recommendation No. 35, etc.). Special attention is paid to the reform dynamics of 2023‑2026, including the Presidential Decree of March 3, 2026, which introduced into the legislation such new elements as “femicide”, “stalking”, “cyberviolence” and “online grooming”. Based on the conducted research, the main systemic gaps that remain today are identified: the absence of an independent prosecution structure, the gender neutrality of existing norms, the limited effect of protection orders in the digital environment and the absence of a provider liability mechanism. A four‑component reform strategy is proposed: adoption of a national strategy for countering violence, conceptual recognition of technologically conditioned gender‑based violence in specialised legislation, creation of an independent criminal‑legal framework and development of an institutional infrastructure to support victims.
National Legislation of Uzbekistan In the Field of Countering Gender‑Based Digital Violence: State and Dynamics of Reforms
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References
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