This paper examines the theoretical foundations and evolutionary trajectory of administrative justice in Uzbekistan, analyzing its transition from a post-Soviet model to a specialized judicial system. By employing a comparative analysis of the “Dualist” (Continental) and “Monist” (Anglo-Saxon) models, the study identifies Uzbekistan’s system as a “Hybrid Model”, synthesizing specialized administrative courts with a unified Supreme Court oversight. The research explores the doctrinal shift from an adversarial approach to an inquisitorial (“active court”) framework intended to address power imbalances between the state and the citizen. Furthermore, the paper utilizes empirical data from the World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index (2020–2024) to assess the practical challenges of implementation, specifically regarding judicial independence and the enforcement of decisions. The findings suggest that while the institutional framework has been successfully established, significant challenges remain in ensuring freedom from government influence.