Articles
| Open Access |
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume06Issue02-09
Modern Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disorder with multiorgan involvement, characterized by impaired immunologic tolerance, B-cell hyperactivation, and activation of the interferon cascade. Contemporary diagnostic approaches include expanded immunologic profiling, molecular genetic studies, and the use of biomarkers of organ damage. SLE treatment is currently shifting from nonspecific immunosuppression toward personalized targeted therapy. The introduction of biologic agents and the treat-to-target strategy has substantially improved disease prognosis.
Keywords
Systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune disease, antinuclear antibodies
References
Aringer M., Costenbader K., Daikh D., et al.
European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;78(9):1151–1159.
doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214819
Fanouriakis A., Kostopoulou M., Alunno A., et al.
update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;78:736–745.
doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215089
Fanouriakis A., et al.
update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2023.
Rovin B.H., Adler S.G., Barratt J., et al.
KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases.
Kidney International. 2021;100(4S):S1–S276.
Navarra S.V., Guzmán R.M., Gallacher A.E., et al.
Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
The Lancet. 2011;377:721–731.
Furie R., Morand E.F., Askanase A.D., et al.
Trial of Anifrolumab in Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382:211–221.
Tsokos G.C.
Systemic lupus erythematosus.
New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365:2110–2121.
Rahman A., Isenberg D.A.
Systemic lupus erythematosus.
The Lancet. 2008;371:1205–1217.
Kaul A., Gordon C., Crow M.K., et al.
Systemic lupus erythematosus.
Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2016;2:16039.
Yen E.Y., Singh R.R.
Lupus — an unrecognized leading cause of death in young females: a population-based study.
Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2017;69(8):1612–1618.
Durcan L., O’Dwyer T., Petri M.
Management strategies and future directions for systemic lupus erythematosus in adults.
The Lancet. 2019;393:2332–2343.
Article Statistics
Copyright License
Copyright (c) 2026 Azimova Mavlyuda Makhmudovna, Irisbekov Behruz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.