The article under discussion depicts iron deficiency anemia, its relevance and methods of treatment. The author of the article considers that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common diseases on the planet, and the damage to many organs and systems associated with it determines the relevance and importance of studying this problem. Modern diagnostic methods, allowing the use of a differential diagnostic algorithm to assess the anemic syndrome, in combination with rational use of iron preparations, can significantly improve the well-being and quality of life of patients with iron deficiency and contribute to the timely prevention of iron deficiency in risk groups to eliminate the adverse effects of iron deficiency on patient’s health.