In this article, the dependence of temperature and relative humidity on the developmental phenology of Lema melanopus, a serious pest of wheat, is studied. As a result of the increase in the number of Lema melanopus, the level of damage to the leaves increases, the yield of wheat decreases.

Medicinal dalahai (hypericum perforatum L.) is grown in our country. Special attention is paid to the determination of the chemical composition of plants and the development of technologies for growing promising species in various climatic conditions, and certain results are achieved.

The rapid advancement of technology has significantly impacted various sectors, including transportation. Electronic control systems have emerged as a pivotal component in modern traffic management, offering innovative solutions to longstanding challenges in road traffic control, safety, and efficiency. This paper explores the diverse applications, benefits, and implications of electronic control systems in traffic management, emphasizing their role in transforming urban mobility.

Electronic control systems encompass a range of technologies, including traffic signal control systems, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), adaptive traffic control systems (ATCS), and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. These technologies work synergistically to optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance road safety. By utilizing real-time data and advanced algorithms, electronic control systems can dynamically adjust traffic signals, provide real-time traffic information to drivers, and manage traffic incidents more effectively.

One of the key benefits of electronic control systems is their ability to improve traffic efficiency. Adaptive traffic signal control systems, for instance, can adjust signal timings based on real-time traffic conditions, minimizing delays and reducing stop-and-go driving. This not only improves travel time reliability but also contributes to fuel savings and reduced emissions, aligning with environmental sustainability goals. Intelligent transportation systems further enhance efficiency by integrating various traffic management functions, such as congestion monitoring, incident detection, and traveler information services, into a cohesive framework.

Safety is another critical area where electronic control systems make a substantial impact. Advanced systems like V2I communication enable vehicles to communicate with traffic infrastructure, such as traffic lights and road signs, to receive timely warnings about potential hazards. This capability enhances driver awareness and reaction times, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents.

Additionally, electronic control systems facilitate better management of emergency response, ensuring that emergency vehicles can navigate through traffic more swiftly and safely.

The implementation of electronic control systems also presents economic benefits. By optimizing traffic flow and reducing congestion, these systems can significantly lower the economic costs associated with traffic delays and fuel consumption. Moreover, the integration of electronic toll collection systems streamlines toll operations, reducing administrative costs and improving the efficiency of revenue collection for infrastructure maintenance and development.

However, the deployment of electronic control systems in traffic management is not without challenges. Technical issues such as system interoperability, data security, and the need for robust infrastructure can hinder widespread adoption. Ensuring the privacy of data collected from vehicles and drivers is paramount to gaining public trust and acceptance. Additionally, the initial investment required for implementing these advanced systems can be substantial, posing a barrier for some municipalities.

Despite these challenges, the future of electronic control systems in traffic management is promising. The continued evolution of technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to further enhance the capabilities of these systems. For instance, AI-driven predictive analytics can anticipate traffic patterns and optimize traffic management strategies accordingly. IoT-enabled devices can provide more granular and accurate data, improving the responsiveness of traffic control systems.

An electronic control system represents a transformative approach to managing road traffic, offering significant benefits in terms of efficiency, safety, and economic savings. While challenges exist, ongoing technological advancements and strategic investments can address these issues, paving the way for smarter, safer, and more efficient urban mobility. The integration of electronic control systems into traffic management frameworks is not just a technological advancement but a crucial step towards sustainable urban development.

This article talks about how gender emerges in the process of non-verbal communication. During the research, the differences between men and women in communication through body language, facial expressions, gestures and haptics are analyzed. The article examines gender stereotypes and their impact on nonverbal communication styles, as well as how these differences manifest in different cultures. The results reveal specific differences between men's and women's nonverbal signals and show how understanding these differences is important for improving communication effectiveness. The article also provides recommendations aimed at analyzing the relationship between gender and nonverbal communication in a broader context.

This article presents the methods of calculating the fracture resistance of bending concrete beams with basalt reinforcement on vertical (normal) sections, the conducted research and the analysis of comparing the experimental results with the calculated results.

The longevity and success of dental composite restorations rely heavily on the integrity of the interface between the composite material and the surrounding tooth enamel. This interface is susceptible to various challenges, including thermal shock, which can lead to microleakage, marginal staining, and ultimately, restoration failure. This abstract explores the detrimental effects of thermal shock on the enamel-composite interface, highlighting the underlying mechanisms and potential preventive measures.

Dental composite restorations are widely used for restoring tooth structure compromised by caries, fractures, or other defects. While offering aesthetic advantages and minimal tooth removal, their long-term success hinges on a strong and durable bond with the surrounding tooth structure. The enamel-composite interface plays a crucial role in this regard, acting as a barrier against bacterial infiltration, marginal staining, and sensitivity. However, this interface is vulnerable to degradation from various factors, including thermal shock.

Thermal shock refers to the rapid and significant change in temperature experienced by a material. In the context of dental restorations, this can occur due to the consumption of hot or cold beverages, exposure to inhaled air, or smoking. These rapid temperature fluctuations can induce stresses within the tooth structure and the composite material due to their differing thermal expansion coefficients. Over time, repeated thermal cycling can lead to microcracks, gaps, and deterioration at the enamel- composite interface.

The detrimental effects of thermal shock on the enamel-composite interface can be attributed to several mechanisms:

Differential Thermal Expansion: Enamel and composite materials possess varying thermal expansion coefficients. During thermal shock, the differential expansion rates can create internal stresses within the interface and the surrounding tooth structure. These stresses can manifest as microcracks and debonding at the interface.

Bond Strength Degradation: The adhesive bond between the composite and enamel can weaken due to thermal shock. The rapid temperature changes can compromise the integrity of the adhesive layer, leading to microleakage and potential bacterial infiltration.

Fracture of Brittle Materials: Enamel and some composite materials are inherently brittle. Thermal shock can exacerbate the inherent brittleness of these materials, leading to microfractures and chipping at the interface.

we implement  "aerodynamic forces in increasing spindle activity" in the program "Compass-3D". the topic presents the methodology and results of the graphoanalytical study of the rotating finger kinematics of the multi-finger  mechanism belonging to the multi-contour finger mechanism of the vertical spindle drum of the cotton harvester.