This article examines the important factors of intermolecular interactions to study the basic properties and physical nature of substances. Various optical methods have been used to study the nature and mechanism of intermolecular interactions. The properties of substances are revealed in detail, what molecules it consists of and how these molecules are located in relation to each other.

This paper presents the design and implementation of MagPlunge, a novel solenoid actuator featuring a magnetic plunger, specifically tailored for miniature segment robots. Leveraging the unique properties of magnetic forces, the MagPlunge actuator offers enhanced performance, compactness, and energy efficiency compared to traditional solenoid designs. The design considerations, fabrication process, and experimental characterization of the MagPlunge actuator are discussed in detail. Additionally, its integration into miniature segment robots is demonstrated, showcasing its potential for enabling agile and versatile robotic locomotion in confined spaces and challenging environments.

The article deals with the integrated circuits and their applications in electronics. Integrated circuits (ICs) have revolutionized the field of electronics by enabling the integration of multiple components onto a single chip. This miniaturization has led to significant advancements in various electronic devices and systems. ICs offer numerous benefits, including compact size, energy efficiency, reliability, high speed, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and scalability. The ability to combine different functions on a single chip has made ICs indispensable in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial automation. The integration of digital signal processing, memory management, communication interfaces, and other functions on a single IC has enabled the development of sophisticated and high-performance devices.

In this work the problem of temperature change in a given point of the surface solid State is considered. Applying the Dualism principle of the problem of managing and observation the question can bring to the problem of solution of extremal.

Unsaturated fat desaturases play a pivotal role in lipid metabolism and are crucial components in the process of temperature acclimatization in various organisms. This review provides a comprehensive survey of unsaturated fat desaturases and their intricate involvement in the modulation of membrane fluidity and composition in response to temperature changes. Through an exploration of their biochemical functions and regulatory mechanisms, this paper elucidates the vital roles played by unsaturated fat desaturases in facilitating cellular adaptation to fluctuating environmental temperatures. Additionally, the review discusses the implications of these enzymes in the context of thermal stress tolerance and the evolutionary significance of their adaptive responses.