This article provides general information about the " Qirqqiz " fortress, an architectural monument of ancient urban planning, which was built in the past in the territory of Termiz district of Surkhondarya region and a part of it has been preserved until today. The origin of the term "Qirqqiz", legends and historical sources about the " Qirqqiz " fortress monument are explained.

Providing information about the ancient architectural monument, interested in the field, students, researchers, building and construction architecture, urban planning and landscape architecture, design and construction of highways, design and construction of water structures, tourism, oriental studies, archeology and history, etc. increases the interest of students and representatives of peoples of the whole world in architectural monuments. I wish success to students and young professionals who are hungry for knowledge, in their quest to study history and create the architecture of the future!

The primary method of showing contrast in spoken speech, according to the text, is through the use of antonyms. In antonymic relationships, polysemantic words that originated with this potential future meaning and may have an associated antonym may do so. By contrast, the semantics of various words can be determined by the meaning of a single word.

The writers of the article demonstrated the reliance of derivative words of other parts of speech as well as the combination of antonyms generated by the method of word formation on the basis of antonyms.

This article examines the causes of changes in the properties of motor oils in the high-temperature zone of the engine. The main reason leading to the formation of high-temperature deposits in engines are oxidative processes occurring in the oil volume and on the metal surface. These deposits negatively affect the reliability, efficiency and durability of the engine.

We conducted a study of samples of industrial oils M12V2 with a sulfonate additive SK-3. To conduct experiments, the M-12V2 engine oil with the added sulfonate additive SK-3 was analyzed according to physico-chemical parameters for compliance with the requirements. When using such an additive, the service life of the engine oil will increase.

In the article differential transformer sensors measuring shifts the magnetic capacitance of the air gap between two long ferromagnetic cores, which allows the linear distribution of magnetic currents in ordinary structural scattered parameter differential magnetic circuits along the length of the chain, the expressions of the change of the magnetic circuit length of the compare values of the magnetic driving forces located longitudinal. Based on the analysis of differential magnetic chains with the proposed simple structure according to these analytical expressions, it was determined that the construction of a magnetic chain is technologically relatively simple and does not require an excess of non-ferrous metal (copper) due to the fact that the air gap between two long ferromagnetic cores changes the compare value of the magnetic.

The article reveals the trajectory of organizing and teaching a facultative course in order to familiarize students with non-Euclidean geometries in schools. It shows why students should be introduced to non-Euclidean geometries in schools, and what goals can be achieved by teaching non-Euclidean geometries. The most important aspect is the trajectory of the organization of the optional course. When organizing a facultative course, it is indicated what topics to choose, how many hours to allocate, and the program of the facultative course is developed.