This article provides a scholarly analysis of the architectural structures located along the main caravan routes that passed through the Khorezm oasis in the medieval period, as well as their role in trade, diplomatic, and cultural relations with the nomadic peoples of Eurasia. It reveals how the territory of Khorezm emerged as a strategically important transit hub of geopolitical significance, connecting Central Asia with the Dashti – Qipchaq steppes and, through them, with Eastern Europe, the foothills of the Ural Mountains, and Southern Siberia. The study examines the principles of caravanserai placement, their defensive and architectural solutions, construction technologies, and infrastructural systems supporting commercial activity, based on historical and archaeological sources. Furthermore, the article analyzes the economic and cultural synthesis that developed as a result of exchange relations with nomadic pastoral tribes and its influence on the architecture of caravan routes.

Caravan routes, Eurasian nomads, architectural typology

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