The biochemical foundations of energy metabolism pathologies analyze the mechanisms of disturbances in catabolic and anabolic processes that lead to cellular energy deficiency. Defects in the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation of fatty acids underlie many metabolic disorders. Energy deficiency manifests as impaired function of highly energy-dependent organs and systems, particularly the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Disorders of energy metabolism are characterized by the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which exacerbate the pathological process. The study of these biochemical mechanisms is of particular importance for the development of methods for diagnosing, treating, and preventing metabolic diseases.

Bioenergetics, energy metabolism, thyroxine

Pathologies of energy metabolism represent a key link in the development of many somatic and hereditary diseases. Disturbances in biochemical oxidation processes, mitochondrial function, respiratory chain activity, and ATP synthesis lead to cellular energy deficiency, which ultimately manifests as dysfunction of tissues and organs with high energy demand — particularly the nervous system, muscles, and myocardium.

Recent studies confirm that molecular defects in enzymatic systems, cofactor deficiencies, impairments in antioxidant defense mechanisms, and excessive formation of free radicals play a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. The investigation of biochemical mechanisms underlying energy disturbances provides promising opportunities for early diagnosis, the development of targeted therapies, and personalized approaches to the correction of metabolic dysfunctions.

Thus, understanding the biochemical foundations of energy metabolism pathologies not only deepens fundamental knowledge of cellular metabolism but also has significant practical relevance in clinical medicine, enabling the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with energy deficiency.

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