This study investigates the optimal selection of the equivalence factor in the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) for range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs). The proposed approach determines the most suitable equivalence factor to ensure an effective balance between fuel consumption and battery energy usage, thereby improving energy management performance, extending vehicle range, and enhancing overall fuel economy.

ECMS, equivalence factor, fuel economy

J.-P. Gao, G.-M. G. Zhu, E. G. Strangas, and F.-C. Sun, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 223, 1003–1018 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070JAUTO1074

Wu, J., Gao, W., & Zhang, Y. (2024). A new real-time optimal energy management strategy for range extended electric vehicles considering battery degradation and engine start-up. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/16878132241257327

Yao, D., Lu, X., Chao, X., Zhang, Y., Shen, J., Zeng, F., Zhang, Z., & Wu, F. (2023). Adaptive Equivalent Fuel Consumption Minimization Based Energy Management Strategy for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle. Sustainability, 15(5), 4607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054607

Onori, S., Serrao, L., & Rizzoni, G. (2016). Hybrid Electric Vehicles. In SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6781-5

Onori, S., Serrao, L., & Rizzoni, G. (2016). Hybrid Electric Vehicles. In SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6781-5