This paper provides a comprehensive examination of cogeneration power plants, also known as Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems, which simultaneously produce electricity and thermal energy from a single fuel source. Unlike conventional plants that waste significant heat, CHP systems recover and utilize it, reaching efficiencies up to 90%. The study outlines the core operational principles, key technologies like HRSG and biogas-based systems, and highlights international case studies. It further addresses economic benefits, sustainability advantages, and challenges faced in implementation. The research concludes with insights on the role of CHP in achieving global energy efficiency and carbon reduction goals.

Cogeneration, Combined Heat and Power (CHP), thermal efficiency

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