HASHEM ESMAEL HAMMAM ALI; IBRATILLO IBODILLO OGLI QUDRATILLAYEV. Foundations and Principles Underlying Functional Competence in Learning Arabic. International Journal of Pedagogics, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 06, p. 186–189, 2026. DOI: 10.37547/ijp/Volume06Issue06-38. Disponível em: https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp/article/view/11182. Acesso em: 26 jul. 2026.