International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research

Meckel’s Diverticulum Complicated By Bleeding In Children

B.Khamidov, F.M. Khurramov — Sun, 15 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and represents a frequent cause of unexplained lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Bleeding associated with Meckel’s diverticulum is often massive, recurrent, and difficult to diagnose preoperatively, leading to delays in appropriate surgical management.

Cultural, Educational, and Psychological Determinants of Willingness Toward Whole-Body Donation for Medical Science: A Multinational and Interdisciplinary Analytical Study

Oliver J. Falkenberg — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Whole-body donation for medical science constitutes the ethical, educational, and scientific foundation of human anatomical study. Despite its irreplaceable importance for medical training, surgical innovation, and biomedical research, the global supply of donated bodies remains critically insufficient. This imbalance between demand and availability reflects not only administrative or logistical shortcomings but also deeper cultural, psychological, religious, and educational factors that shape how individuals and communities perceive the human body after death. The present research article offers a comprehensive, theory-driven and evidence-based analysis of willingness toward whole-body donation by synthesizing empirical findings from multiple geographic, cultural, and professional populations as reported in contemporary literature. Drawing exclusively from peer-reviewed studies conducted across India, Turkey, Iran, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Serbia, Mexico, South Africa, and other regions, this article integrates cross-cultural, psychosocial, and educational perspectives to explain how knowledge, belief systems, emotional responses, professional identity, and societal narratives converge to shape donation behavior.

The article argues that willingness to donate one’s body is not a simple moral or rational choice but rather the outcome of a complex interaction between individual cognition, cultural meaning-making, institutional trust, and experiential exposure to anatomical science. Regional studies in India demonstrate that willingness varies substantially between northern, southern, eastern, and central populations due to differences in spiritual traditions, family structures, and perceptions of bodily integrity (Aricatt et al., 2024). Similar patterns emerge globally, where religiosity, fear of body mutilation, and social taboos exert powerful inhibitory effects on donation, even among highly educated populations (Saha et al., 2015; Oktem et al., 2020). Conversely, medical students, anatomists, and individuals with sustained exposure to cadaveric dissection consistently demonstrate higher willingness, suggesting that educational experience reshapes emotional and ethical frameworks (Bharambe et al., 2017; Anyanwu et al., 2014; Asante et al., 2021).

Through an in-depth conceptual synthesis, this article examines how awareness, attitude, and practice form a dynamic continuum that governs donation decisions. Awareness provides cognitive knowledge, attitude reflects emotional and moral orientation, and practice represents behavioral readiness to register or commit to donation (Karmakar et al., 2020; Prameela et al., 2017). Cultural acceptability, particularly in non-Western societies, further mediates this continuum by linking the body to ancestral identity, ritual purity, and metaphysical continuity (Asl et al., 2016; Ebeye et al., 2016). The article further explores how professional identity among medical educators and anatomy faculty enhances acceptance of donation by reframing the cadaver as a pedagogical partner rather than a desecrated corpse (Garza et al., 2017; Bahsi et al., 2021).

By situating these empirical findings within broader theoretical frameworks of social psychology, medical anthropology, and bioethics, this research advances a unified explanatory model of body donation willingness. It also critically addresses structural barriers such as mistrust in medical institutions, inadequate public education, and the absence of culturally sensitive donation campaigns. Ultimately, the article argues that increasing whole-body donation requires not only policy reform and administrative facilitation but also a profound transformation in how societies narrate death, dignity, and scientific contribution.

Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Quality of Life in The Differentiated Treatment of Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia

Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article details the historical aspects of such a serious illness as trigeminal neuralgia, dynamic development of ways and methods of conservative and surgical treatment. In connection with the development of medicine and the emergence of modern diagnostic methods, the analysis and importance for determining the severity of trigeminal neuralgia are given. The advantages of the methods of treatment of trigeminal neuralgia are given, the validity of a differentiated approach, taking into account the severity of the disease. Studies of the quality of life of patients using questionnaires, based on the analysis of the data obtained, the choice of a method for treating trigeminal neuralgia and improving results.

Methods Of Studying Innovation And Modern Approaches In Medical Education In Our Region

Otashekhov Zokir Ismаilovich — Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines contemporary approaches and innovations in Uzbek medical education, including the use of digital learning platforms, e-learning modules, virtual and augmented reality simulations, problem-based learning, and adaptive curriculum design. Medical education in Uzbekistan is undergoing significant transformation, driven by the need to modernize curricula, enhance clinical competencies, and integrate innovative teaching methodologies. These innovations aim to improve student engagement, knowledge retention, and practical skill development while ensuring alignment with international educational standards. The study also discusses the challenges of implementing these approaches, such as technological infrastructure limitations, faculty training, and equitable access for all students. By analyzing current trends and strategies, this paper highlights the potential of innovative educational practices to enhance the quality and effectiveness of medical training in Uzbekistan.

Pharmacotherapy For Arterial Hypertension And IHD With Beta-Blockers

Ziyaeva Shakhida Tulaevna — Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately one-third of all deaths annually. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are among the most significant modifiable risk factors contributing to the development of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular complications. β-blockers have occupied a central role in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy for more than five decades, particularly in the management of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate the role of β-blockers in the treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease, with special attention to their clinical efficacy, indications, and metabolic effects. Recent large-scale trials have questioned the use of traditional β-blockers, such as atenolol, as first-line therapy for primary hypertension prevention due to comparatively weaker effects on central aortic pressure and cardiovascular outcomes. Consequently, international guidelines have limited their use as initial antihypertensive agents. However, β-blockers remain strongly recommended in specific patient groups, including those with angina pectoris, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, glaucoma, and pregnancy. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of sympathetic nervous system activation in hypertension and metabolic disorders. While classical β-blockers may adversely affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, newer vasodilatory agents such as metoprolol, carvedilol, and nebivolol demonstrate improved metabolic profiles and reduced impact on central hemodynamics. Nebivolol, in particular, shows minimal negative metabolic effects, making it preferable in patients with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

Study Evaluation And Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Credit Module System In Medical Higher Education Institutions Of Uzbekistan

Fayziyeva Mukhabat — Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the credit-module system currently implemented in medical higher education institutions in Uzbekistan. As part of the country’s ongoing modernization of higher education, the credit-module model aims to enhance transparency, student-centered learning, and competency-based outcomes. The research examines several critical components of the system, including the structure and organization of modules, the distribution of contact and independent learning hours, the alignment of learning outcomes with assessment criteria, and the implementation of continuous and final evaluation mechanisms.

Through a mixed-method approach involving surveys, expert interviews, and analysis of institutional documentation, the study identifies both strengths and systemic challenges. Positive outcomes include increased student engagement, greater accountability in learning, improved transparency of assessment, and an expanded role of independent learning. However, the findings also reveal existing barriers such as limited digital infrastructure, insufficient integration of e-learning platforms, gaps in simulation-based training resources, and varying levels of instructor readiness for the credit-module approach.

The research concludes that while the credit-module system has significantly contributed to the modernization of medical education in Uzbekistan, further improvements are essential to ensure its full effectiveness. Recommendations include expanding digital learning tools, enhancing methodological support, strengthening instructor training programs, and integrating simulation technologies into modular curricula. These measures will help align medical education in Uzbekistan with international standards and improve the overall quality of training for future healthcare professionals.

Ways To Optimizing Perinatal Care In The Fergana Region Of Uzbekistan

Yulduz Kasymovna Djabbarova, Saidolim Murodovich Umurzakov — Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: to assess the main indicators of perinatal service development in the Fergana region for 2010-2024 and to identify ways of its improvement. Material and methods: a clinical and statistical analysis of the annual reports of the Fergana regional (2009-2024) and two interdistrict perinatal centers (2022-2024) was conducted. Results. The number of births at the Medical Regional Center increased by 2,082 from 2010 (5,504) to 2024 (7,586), with the proportion of premature births rising to 22.1%. Pathological births accounted for 64.8% in 2024. The cesarean section rate reached 41.8%. The maternal mortality rate decreased from 100.44 to 13.84, a 7.26-fold decrease. Over the past two years, the Medical Regional Center has succeeded in preventing maternal mortality. The perinatal mortality rate at the regional center remains high—43.7%. Conclusions: The high perinatal mortality rate in the regional center indicates a need to improve the quality of neonatal care (organizational aspects, medical equipment, drug provision, and medical staff training). Interdistrict perinatal centers require further development of their material and technical base, organizational, treatment, diagnostic, and preventive work, strengthening of human resources with young specialists, improvement of surgical techniques, and implementation of modern technologies of perinatal care.

The Effectiveness Of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms In Analyzing Dental Radiographs And CBCT Images

Murtazaev Saidazim Saidazamovich — Sun, 08 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly valuable tool in dental imaging, particularly for the analysis of radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. This paper reviews the current applications and effectiveness of AI algorithms, especially deep learning models, in detecting dental pathologies and anatomical structures. The integration of AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, reduces human error, and streamlines clinical workflows. Despite challenges such as dataset limitations and the need for standardized protocols, AI demonstrates substantial potential to transform dental diagnostics. Continued research and development are essential for optimizing AI tools and promoting their widespread adoption in clinical practice.

Application of Maxillofacial Fracture Scales and Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Combined Maxillofacial Trauma

Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents the scientific aspects of maxillofacial surgery worldwide, including aspects of concomitant traumatic brain injury. It also discusses modern surgical methods for the treatment of concomitant maxillofacial injury. A differentiated approach to the treatment of concomitant maxillofacial injury is explored. Quality of life and pain are assessed using questionnaires. The effectiveness of surgical treatment and its impact on patients' quality of life are determined.

Surgical Management Of Pediatric Nephrolithiasis: A Comparative Review Of Current Modalities

Otamuradov F.A., Kodirov A.B., Nurmamatov D.S., Xurramov F.M. — Sun, 15 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The management of pediatric nephrolithiasis has undergone a fundamental paradigm shift from traumatic open surgery to minimally invasive endourological techniques. This review provides a comparative analysis of current surgical modalities, including Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS). While open surgery is largely obsolete due to high morbidity, ESWL remains a viable non-invasive option for smaller calculi (<15 mm). However, for large (>20 mm) and complex stone burdens, PCNL and its miniaturized variants (mini-, ultra-mini-, and micro-PCNL) are established as the gold standard, offering superior stone-free rates. RIRS has emerged as a safe, effective alternative for intermediate-sized stones, utilizing advanced flexible ureteroscopy. The review concludes that contemporary treatment necessitates an individualized approach, balancing stone characteristics with anatomical and metabolic factors. Ultimately, the integration of miniaturized technologies optimizes stone clearance while prioritizing renal preservation in the pediatric population.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Low-Risk Women According to the Cervical Dilatation Defining Active Labor

Asmaa Hasan Khnifar, Mayssara Muhammed Al Badran — Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Labor is the physiological process by which the fetus and placenta are expelled from the uterus through the vaginal canal. Labor is influenced by maternal effort, uterine contractions, fetal characteristics, and pelvic anatomy. Management of normal labor involves monitoring maternal vitals, cervical progress, and labs, while minimizing interventions. Active labor, once defined at 4 cm dilation, is now considered to begin at 6 cm, impacting obstetric management and outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes, alongside labor interventions, when defining active labor onset at 4 cm versus 6 cm cervical dilation. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted at Al-Mawanee Teaching Hospital, Basrah, for the period from 1st of November 2024 to 30th of July 2025. Compared adverse obstetric outcomes in low-risk women admitted at 4 cm versus 6 cm cervical dilation. Eligible term, singleton, cephalic pregnancies were included, excluding medical disorders, fetal complications, inductions, and prior caesarean section. Data collection involved questionnaires, examinations, and monitoring of labor management, maternal complications, and neonatal outcomes. Results: This study compared outcomes among 200 women admitted in labor at 4 cm versus 6 cm cervical dilation. Significant differences included maternal age (older in 6 cm group, p=0.04) and parity (more nulliparas at 4 cm, p=0.003). Cervical consistency was softer in the 6 cm group (p=0.028), and fetal head station was more advanced (p=0.05). Women admitted at 4 cm had longer labor duration, longer amniotomy-to-delivery time, and higher oxytocin augmentation use (all p<0.001). Cesarean indications differed (p=0.032): fetal distress predominated at 6 cm, poor progress at 4 cm. maternal complications and neonatal outcomes showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Admission at 4 cm was linked to longer labor, more oxytocin use, and caesareans for poor progress, while 6 cm showed better readiness. Overall caesarean rates, maternal complications, and neonatal outcomes were similar.

Studying the Relationship Between the Physical, Psychological and Social Status of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Fayzieva Mukhabat Fayzievna — Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Currently, standardized instruments related to a series of patient assessments are used in Russian cardiology to assess patients' quality of life. These include general quality of life questionnaires, specific quality of life questionnaires for cardiovascular diseases, and specific quality of life questionnaires for specific cardiac conditions. Accumulated domestic and international experience in assessing quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases demonstrates the potential of this method in cardiology and opens up new opportunities to improve the quality of medical care for this large and complex patient population. The first major quality-of-life studies in clinical medicine were conducted in cardiovascular diseases. Their results revealed that traditional criteria for assessing therapeutic effectiveness, based on a wide range of laboratory and instrumental parameters, reflect only the physical component of the disease process but do not provide a complete picture of the patient's well-being, which includes, along with physical well-being, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and social functioning.

Features Of Implementing Artificial Intelligence In Uzbekistan's Medicine

Bakhridin Makhmatkulovich Eshdavlatov — Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the current state of artificial intelligence implementation in the healthcare system of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on domestic and international scientific sources, the article summarizes key areas of AI application in clinical and managerial practice and assesses its potential effects and limitations. It is established that the use of AI in healthcare in Uzbekistan is in its infancy and is characterized by fragmentation, insufficient institutional support, and a shortage of human resources. It is shown that sustainable and safe implementation of AI is possible with systemic digitalization, the development of a regulatory framework, and targeted training of medical personnel, taking into account the national characteristics of the healthcare system.

Study Of The Influence Of The Effectiveness Of Calcium Compounds In Experimental Osteoporosis, Taking Into Account Individual-Typological Characteristics

Ziyaeva Sh.T. — Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Calcium plays a fundamental role in bone modeling, remodeling, and mineralization. Disorders of calcium metabolism are central to the development of osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk. The effectiveness of calcium-containing preparations may depend not only on their pharmacological properties but also on individual typological characteristics, including psychobehavioral activity.

Studying The Features Of Artificial Intelligence In Early Diagnosis Of Diseases

Voitova Gavkhar Alisherovna — Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Through machine learning algorithms, neural networks, and big data analysis, AI systems can detect subtle patterns in medical images, laboratory results, and clinical data that may escape human observation. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an essential tool in modern healthcare, offering innovative solutions for early disease diagnosis. Early detection of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions has significantly improved through AI-assisted diagnostic tools. These technologies not only enhance diagnostic accuracy and speed but also reduce healthcare costs and support personalized treatment plans. However, the integration of AI into medical diagnostics requires careful consideration of data privacy, algorithm transparency, and ethical implications. Overall, AI continues to revolutionize early disease diagnosis and holds immense promise for the future of precision medicine.

Analysis Of Clinical-Pharmacological Approaches To The Rational Use Of Drugs In Chronic Heart Failure

Agzamova Nazifa Valievna — Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Rational pharmaceutical management is fundamental in improving symptoms, enhancing quality of life, and reducing hospitalizations and mortality. This article reviews current clinical-pharmacological strategies for CHF treatment, emphasizing evidence-based drug classes, therapeutic mechanisms, and rational prescription practices. Key drug categories include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), beta-adrenergic blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), and diuretics. Additionally, new agents and optimization strategies are discussed. Flowcharts and diagrams illustrate treatment pathways and decision points. The analysis supports a patient-centered, risk-benefit approach to drug selection based on comorbidities, renal function, and individual tolerability.

Structural And Functional Changes And Therapeutic Efficacy In Comorbid Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma And Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Iskandarov Sh.Kh. — Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Objective. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of morphological and functional changes in patients with isolated and comorbid forms of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as well as to compare the effectiveness of different therapeutic strategies.

Materials and Methods. The study included 184 patients (326 eyes) aged 60 to 84 years. Patients were divided into three groups: isolated POAG, dry AMD, and combined POAG + AMD. In patients with the comorbid form, the effectiveness of three treatment regimens was additionally evaluated: prostaglandins, brimonidine, and brimonidine combined with the antioxidant AREDS 2 formulation. Assessment was performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, automated perimetry, and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), followed by statistical data analysis.

Results. The comorbid form of the disease was associated with more pronounced thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, macula, and choroid, as well as deterioration of visual field parameters (MD and VFI). The most favorable outcomes in terms of preservation of morphofunctional parameters and the lowest incidence of adverse effects were observed in the combination therapy group (brimonidine + AREDS 2), where stabilization of visual function was achieved in 87% of eyes.

Conclusions. The coexistence of POAG and dry AMD leads to accelerated progression of neurodegeneration. Combination therapy incorporating neuroprotective and antioxidant components demonstrates an advantage in slowing structural deterioration and preserving visual function in patients with this form of comorbid ophthalmic pathology.

Prediction Of Delayed Puberty In Adolescent Girls

Gulistan Bekbaulieva, Bekposhsha Kadirova — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The adolescent period is a fundamental stage in the formation of reproductive health and the reproductive potential of women of fertile age. Consequently, an in-depth study of adolescent girls during puberty and the identification of delayed puberty (DP), taking into account possible etiopathogenetic factors of its development, will allow for the development of predictive methods and scientifically substantiate the identification of risk groups, thereby contributing to the preservation of reproductive potential. The objective of this study was to develop a scientifically based, comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and prediction of DP in adolescent girls, considering the functional state of the somatic and reproductive systems. At the screening stage for detecting DP, 115 adolescent girls (aged 14–18 years) from School No. 83 in Tashkent were enrolled. In the second stage, 48 girls were selected for the main group, along with 50 healthy adolescent girls (control group) who had no delays in pubertal development and presented with a normal menstrual cycle. A comprehensive analysis of the universal screening results established that the prevalence of delayed puberty (DP) among girls aged 14–18 years was 13.9% ± 0.9%; specifically, signs of Grade I DP were observed in 7.82% ± 1.9%, Grade II DP in 4.34% ± 1.5%, and Grade III DP in 1.73% ± 2.4% of cases. An integrated assessment of risk factors revealed that the most significant factors were a combination of a history of infectious diseases with acute and chronic tonsillitis (relative risk weight index R=2.0), the presence of thyroid pathology during puberty (R=2.04), mental and physical strain (R=1.82), age at menarche (R=1.79), and socioeconomic and living conditions (R=1.67). By calculating the total sum of R (ΣR) for all factors (18.49) and determining the sum of the maximum and minimum values of the prognostic coefficients, the boundaries of the risk ranges (Pmin and Pmax) for the development of DP in adolescent girls were established. Consequently, we have developed criteria for predicting delays in pubertal development, which ensure the identification of risk groups for the development of DP.

The Role Of Medical Activity In Population Disease Prevention

Khasanova Mamura Ikramovna, Lazokat Khusnidinovna Mirzaeva — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study utilized methods for analyzing scientific publications, statistical data, and materials reflecting the state of preventive care and the level of population involvement in health maintenance activities. It has been established that low levels of medical activity contribute to late detection of diseases, an increase in chronic pathologies, and higher rates of complications. At the same time, increased medical activity among the population ensures early diagnosis, increases the effectiveness of preventive programs, and reduces overall morbidity. The results confirm the need for comprehensive measures aimed at fostering a responsible attitude toward one's own health and increasing the accessibility of preventive medical care.

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disorders in Children with Diabetes Mellitus Following Covid-19 Infection

Sadirkhodjaeva Azizakhon Alavitdinovna — Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disorders and to improve the algorithm for their early diagnosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus following COVID-19 infection. This was based on a comprehensive assessment of metabolic, immuno-inflammatory, angiogenic, and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system. The study included 254 children aged 7 to 18 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus who received inpatient treatment at the pediatric department of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Endocrinology named after Academician Yo.Kh. Turakulov from 2020 to 2023. The examination was conducted 6 months after COVID-19 infection. The main group consisted of 102 children, divided into 2 subgroups: the 1st subgroup - children with cardiovascular disorders and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) (n=28), the 2nd subgroup - children with DCAN (n=74). The comparison group comprised 152 children without cardiovascular disorders and DCAN, while the control group included 30 generally healthy children who had COVID-19 infection without diabetes mellitus. The identified relationships confirm that metabolic decompensation and post-infectious inflammation play a key role in the development of early functional disorders of the myocardium and vascular regulation. This can be considered one of the leading mechanisms for the formation of cardiovascular neuropathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the post-COVID period.