International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research

Orbital Manifestation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Multidimensional Clinical Analysis of Bilateral Proptosis with Systematic Literature Review

Dr. Hassan Al-Maliki — Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors with potential for widespread systemic and extramedullary infiltration. Orbital involvement, though uncommon, represents a clinically significant manifestation that may precede systemic diagnosis. This paper presents a multidimensional clinical analysis of AML presenting as bilateral proptosis, integrating evidence from a systematic literature review restricted to documented cases of orbital and ocular leukemic involvement. The study synthesizes clinical, radiological, and pathological findings to delineate patterns of disease presentation, diagnostic challenges, and prognostic implications.

The orbital infiltration in AML often reflects aggressive disease biology and is associated with myeloid sarcoma formation. Literature demonstrates that orbital involvement may present as unilateral or bilateral proptosis, extraocular muscle infiltration, or eyelid swelling, frequently mimicking inflammatory or infectious conditions (Chen et al., 2004; Chaudhry et al., 2012). A recurring clinical observation across multiple studies is delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific ophthalmic manifestations (Bidar et al., 2007).

This review further highlights the importance of early recognition of sinonasal-orbital leukemic infiltration, as previously described in chloroma cases (Bhat VK et al., 2005), which remains a foundational reference for understanding orbital AML pathology. The findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches combining ophthalmology, hematology, and radiology to improve patient outcomes.

The Relationship between Smoking Habits and Lifestyle from Adolescence to Adulthood

Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Cigarettes smoking are one of the leading reasons of death, it’s the only legal item for consumption which kills half of them. Smoking usually difficult to cessation, and individuals rarely distinguish it as a bad routine. Objectives: to identify smoking patterns among smokers. In addition to determine the relationship between some socio-demographic characteristics and smoking habits among the participants.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional correlational study design was adopted for the present study. The participants involved aged from 18 to 40 years. A non-probability sampling was utilized, and the sample was recruited using a snowball approach, where participants were asked to forward the questionnaire to other potential smokers. Data were collected by using structured self-administered questionnaire.

Results: This study indicated that (23 years) were the mean of participants’ age, 92.3% of sample were males, 77.8% of them reported satisfied regarding socioeconomic status, 56.9% of study sample were diploma holders. This study presented that 73.8% of sample ongoing smokers. 51.6% of smokers were Cigarette smoking, whereas 13.3% were Hookah smokers. 70.2% of smokers were with intermediate level regarding the lifestyle, as well as only 4% of them were with healthy lifestyle. This study displayed a significant correlation between lifestyle and sex, which indicated that female were with heathier lifestyle than males.

Conclusion: The study shows a significant correlation between lifestyle and sex, which indicated that female were with heathier lifestyle than males. Furthermore a significant positive correlation between lifestyle of smokers and their income, which mean the lifestyle become healthier among participants with satisfied income.

The Level of Axillary Clearance in Breast Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer Treatment

Mustafa Adnan Jaafar, Abdulrazzaq Kalaf Hassan — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is the leading cancer death in women aged 20 to 59 years. Mastectomy and breast conserving surgery (BCS) are the major elements for treating such conditions, beside lymph node dissection (lymphadenectomy) at different axillary levels with other treatment like chemotherapy, radio therapy and hormonal therapy.

Objectives: The feasibility of minimizing axillary dissection in the treatment of breast cancer with an optimal oncological outcome and low mortality.

Methods: A prospective analytic study was adopted over a period of twelve months from March the 1st, 2021 till March the 1st, 2022.Then patients were observed after surgery till October the 1st ,2022. Data was collected from patients who were diagnosed to have breast cancer and treated at Imam Al-Hussein medical city, Safeer Al-Imam Al-Hussein hospital and Al-Kafeel hospital in Karbala, Iraq. The prognostic factor was the number of positive lymph nodes that are removed at each level and their correlation to other study variables.

Results: the mean age of the study group was 53.2 years, and the number of cases collected were 70. Thirty nine patients had mastectomy and 31 had breast conserving surgery. Most of the patients were at stage II of the disease identified during surgery and the axillary lymph nodes dissection were performed at different levels. The number of positive lymph nodes after axillary dissection was not related to the level of axillary dissection.

Conclusions: level I axillary dissection (limited axillary lymph nodes dissection) is recommended in the treatment of early breast cancer with synergistic effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, since the number of positive lymph nodes are not increased with extensive axillary dissection, further dissection is recommended when there are multiple masses, higher stage or grade of the disease and or big mass larger than 5cm.

Occupational Health Risks, Safety Practices, and Institutional Gaps among Histopathologists in Nigeria: Evidence from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Histopathologists are routinely exposed to chemical, biological, physical, and ergonomic hazards that may adversely affect their health and professional performance. Despite increasing recognition of occupational risks in pathology practice, evidence from sub-Saharan Africa remains limited. This study assessed occupational health awareness, safety practices, workplace infrastructure, perceived barriers, and self-reported health effects among histopathologists in Nigeria.

Methods: A nationwide descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among consultant histopathologists and pathology residents practicing in Nigeria between February and March 2026. Data were collected using a structured anonymous online questionnaire that assessed occupational hazard awareness, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, workplace safety practices, institutional safety measures, self-reported occupational health effects, and perceived barriers to safe practice. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the findings.

Results: Ninety-six histopathologists participated in the survey. Awareness of occupational hazards was high, with all respondents recognising chemical hazards and over 87% identifying biological, ergonomic, physical, and psychological risks. Nevertheless, 52.1% reported having received no formal occupational safety training. Although gloves were routinely used by all respondents, consistent use of comprehensive PPE remained suboptimal, particularly for eye protection (18.8%) and respirators (6.3%). Functional ventilation systems were available in only 27.1% of laboratories, while ergonomic workstations were reported by 31.3%. Respiratory irritation (89.6%), back pain (83.3%), eye irritation (81.3%), work-related stress (70.8%), and neck pain (66.7%) were the most frequently reported health complaints. Most respondents (87.5%) experienced at least one work-related symptom during the preceding year, yet only 22.9% had undergone evaluation or treatment for an occupational health problem. Limited institutional support (76.1%), poor laboratory infrastructure (73.9%), inadequate PPE supply (69.6%), and weak enforcement of safety regulations (69.6%) emerged as the principal barriers to safe practice. Almost all respondents (97.9%) believed that occupational hazards among Nigerian histopathologists are under-recognised.

Conclusions: Nigerian histopathologists experience a substantial occupational health burden despite high awareness of workplace hazards. Deficiencies in formal training, engineering controls, ergonomic infrastructure, institutional support, and safety governance contribute to persistent workplace risks and adverse health outcomes. Strengthening occupational safety policies, improving laboratory infrastructure, expanding access to appropriate PPE, implementing regular training programmes, and establishing routine occupational health surveillance are essential to protect the pathology workforce and improve laboratory safety in Nigeria.

The Prevalence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Multinodular Goiter versus Single Thyroid Nodule in Karbala

Zaid Ali Saad, Dr. Sabah Kareem Hamza Al-Hussaini — Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer affecting the endocrine system, accounting for approximately 1% of all human cancers, thyroid cancer occurs in 5–15% of cases with thyroid nodules depending on age, sex, radiation exposure history, family history, and other factors.

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) and single thyroid nodule undergoing surgery in Karbala city.

Methods: a prospective study that was conducted at Imam Al-Hussain medical city and Safeer Al-Hussain hospital, Karbala, Iraq, over a period of twelve months starting from 1st of December 2021 to 1st of December 2022. During this period a total of 100 patients (88 female and 12 male) undergo thyroid surgery for different causes have been enrolled in the study.

Results: The overall prevalence of differentiated thyroid cancer was (19%), there is a strong relationship between nodularity and pathology types .which shows 16 (66.7) of patients with follicular adenoma, 9 patients (60%) with papillary thyroid cancer, and all patients 4(100%) with follicular thyroid cancer were single thyroid nodule, while 45 (84.9) of patients with colloid goiter and all patients with thyroiditis were multi nodular.

Conclusions: the prevalence of malignancy was significantly higher in single thyroid nodule than multi nodular goiter, with papillary thyroid cancer being the most common histological subtype. But, the prevalence of malignancy in multi nodular goiter was also quite high and cannot be underestimated, ultrasonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology are both important tools that predicting malignancy in suspicious thyroid diseases (nodular).

The Diagnostic-Reflective Approach to Forming Linguodidactic Competence of Future English Language Teachers in An Artificial Intelligence Environment

S.U.Nishonbekova — Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the diagnostic-reflective approach to forming linguodidactic competence of future English language teachers in an artificial intelligence environment. The study emphasizes that the professional preparation of future English language teachers should not be limited to linguistic knowledge or the mechanical use of digital tools. It should also include the ability to diagnose learners’ needs, design linguodidactically appropriate tasks, critically evaluate AI-generated materials, and reflect on pedagogical decisions. The article discusses artificial intelligence as a didactic environment that supports lesson planning, task adaptation, formative assessment, methodological analysis, and reflective professional development. Special attention is paid to the role of diagnostic activities and reflective practice in strengthening future teachers’ methodological independence, critical thinking, and professional responsibility.