International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research

Pulled Visible-Spectrum Pulsed Phototherapy Combined With Magnetotherapy In The Comprehensive Rehabilitation Of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Tadjikhojaeva Yu.Kh. — 2026-01-15

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with limited therapeutic efficacy in current treatment regimens. Non-pharmacological approaches such as phototherapy and magnetotherapy may offer adjunctive benefits.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy, immune response modulation, and bronchial patency improvement associated with pulsed visible-spectrum phototherapy combined with magnetotherapy in COPD patients at early rehabilitation stages, and to assess the corresponding effects on macrophage function in an experimental COPD rat model.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with COPD stages I–II were enrolled and divided into main (n = 28) and control (n = 35) groups. The main group received pulsed phototherapy using a “SLU-2” device on lung root projections in addition to standard magnetotherapy, while the control group received magnetotherapy alone. Both groups underwent functional, immunological, and cytological evaluations pre- and post-treatment. An experimental COPD model in rats was induced via chronic tobacco smoke exposure, followed by similar phototherapy protocols for macrophage assessment.

Results: Post-treatment, the main group exhibited significant reductions in cough severity, dyspnea, and obstructive symptoms (p < 0.05). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) increased by 1.5-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively. Mid-expiratory flows improved significantly. Immunological assays showed enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation and helper cell counts. Cytological analysis revealed increased phagocytic leukocyte activity and progression to epithelialization stages. In the rat model, macrophage enzymatic activity significantly increased following phototherapy (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Combined pulsed phototherapy and magnetotherapy significantly improved pulmonary function, enhanced immune responses, and promoted nonspecific cellular defense in COPD patients without adverse cardiovascular effects. These findings support the integration of phototherapy modalities into COPD rehabilitation protocols.

Artificial Intelligence In Medical Education: Pedagogical Transformation, Empirical Evidence, Ethical Governance, And Future Educational Architectures

Dr. Alejandro M. Carrasco — 2026-01-01

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping medical education by introducing novel pedagogical tools, adaptive learning environments, and data-driven assessment systems. While the technological momentum is evident, the educational, ethical, and regulatory implications of AI integration require systematic scholarly synthesis grounded in empirical evidence.

Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive, theory-driven, and evidence-based analysis of AI applications in medical education, synthesizing findings from recent systematic reviews, scoping reviews, randomized controlled trials, simulation studies, and ethical-legal scholarship.

Methods: A narrative-integrative research methodology was employed, strictly based on peer-reviewed literature published between 2018 and 2025. The analysis synthesizes evidence across multiple educational domains, including undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education; simulation-based learning; assessment and feedback; clinical reasoning development; and professional skill acquisition. Ethical, legal, and governance considerations were examined through established frameworks, particularly data protection and human oversight mandates.

Results: The literature demonstrates that AI-enhanced educational interventions improve learner engagement, diagnostic reasoning, procedural competence, and personalized feedback mechanisms. Large language models, virtual patients, adaptive simulation, and machine learning-based assessment systems consistently outperform or complement traditional educational methods across multiple disciplines. However, variability in study quality, lack of long-term outcome data, and uneven faculty readiness remain significant constraints. Ethical challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and learner autonomy are recurrent themes.

Conclusion: AI represents a structural transformation of medical education rather than a supplementary innovation. Its successful integration requires pedagogical alignment, robust ethical governance, interdisciplinary faculty development, and continuous empirical validation. Future educational architectures must balance technological potential with professional values, human judgment, and regulatory compliance to ensure equitable and sustainable advancement of medical education.

Clinical And Morphological Diagnostic Criteria Of Oral Lichen Planus

Shakirova Fotima Abdulazizovna — 2026-01-14

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the oral mucosa with diverse clinical manifestations and variable severity. This study aimed to assess the correlation between clinical forms of OLP and the expression of immunohistochemical markers Ki-67, p53, CD4, CD8, and CD1a.

Twenty-five patients with clinically and histologically confirmed OLP were examined. Clinical findings were correlated with histological and immunohistochemical parameters. Severe clinical forms, particularly the erosive-ulcerative variant, demonstrated significantly increased expression of Ki-67 and p53, indicating enhanced epithelial proliferation and cellular stress. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a predominance of CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and increased CD1a-positive antigen-presenting cells in clinically aggressive forms of OLP.

The results demonstrate a significant association between clinical severity of OLP and immunohistochemical marker expression, supporting the value of combined clinical and immunohistochemical assessment for improved diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity.

Cardiac Dyssynchrony as A Component of Decompensation in Chronic Heart Failure In The Presence Of Multiple Comorbidities: A Clinical Case

Akhmatov Ya.R — 2026-01-12

This paper presents a clinical case of a female patient with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF 28%) caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy and complete left bundle branch block (LBBB). The clinical course was complicated by arrhythmias, hypothyroidism, arterial hypertension, and signs of systemic congestion. Despite pronounced polymorbidity, temporary clinical stabilization was achieved using comprehensive guideline-directed medical therapy, including sacubitril/valsartan, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and SGLT2 inhibitors.

The patient objectively met all established criteria for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). This case highlights the importance of a personalized, multidisciplinary approach and timely consideration of invasive treatment strategies. It also illustrates the complexity of managing chronic heart failure in patients with multiple comorbid conditions.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pathogenesis Of Elapses, Clinical-Immunological Predictors And Pproaches To Predicting Exacerbations

Berdieva D.U. — 2026-01-16

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a relapsing-remitting course, where periods of remission alternate with relapses of varying severity [1,2]. Exacerbations are a leading cause of irreversible organ damage accumulation, progression of disability, and reduced patient survival [4,6]. The article reviews current concepts regarding the pathogenesis of SLE relapses, including the role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, the interferon pathway, B-cell hyperactivation, and impaired immune complex clearance [3,4,12]. Particular attention is paid to clinical-immunological predictors of early relapse, including rising anti-dsDNA titers, hypocomplementemia, elevated BAFF and IL-6 levels, activation of the IFN-signature, and urinary biomarkers MCP-1 and TWEAK [1,16,20]. Data on multifactorial prediction models that allow forecasting exacerbations before clinical manifestation are summarized [4,12,7]. The presented review emphasizes the need to integrate laboratory, clinical, and molecular markers to create personalized algorithms for early detection and prevention of SLE relapses [11,13].

Respiratory Infection and Pregnancy

Zaxidova M.U. — 2026-01-12

The problem of treating influenza and acute respiratory infections in pregnant and breastfeeding women remains an urgent issue of global public health. Pregnant women belong to a high-risk group for respiratory infections due to hormonal and physiological changes occurring during gestation, which predispose them to a severe and complicated course of disease, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. The limited number of medicinal products that are both effective and approved for use during pregnancy highlights the need to develop and implement new approaches to the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in pregnant women.

At present, one of the most promising directions is the use of drugs with antiviral properties that also enhance immune system function, thereby preventing complications and reducing reproductive losses.

Effect Of Infrared Radiation On Membrane Phospholipids Of Lymphocytes And Platelets In An Experimental Model Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Yu.Kh. Tadzhikhodzhaeva — 2026-01-15

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Membrane phospholipids play central roles in cellular integrity and immune regulation. Infrared (IR) radiation is proposed to modulate inflammatory pathways, yet its effects on membrane phospholipid composition in immune cells have not been fully elucidated.

Objective: To investigate changes in membrane phospholipids of lymphocytes and platelets in rats with experimental COPD and to evaluate the effect of IR radiation on these changes.

Methods: COPD was induced in male outbred white rats (n = 60) by daily exposure to tobacco smoke for 60 days. Rats were divided into three groups: COPD untreated, COPD + IR radiation, and control (no smoke exposure). IR treatment consisted of 10 daily sessions (5–10 minutes each) over two weeks. Phospholipid fractions of peripheral lymphocyte and platelet membranes were analyzed using high performance chromatography and quantified by densitometric and photometric methods. Statistical significance was assessed at p < 0.05.

Results: COPD rats demonstrated significant disruptions in membrane phospholipid profiles and increased phospholipase activity compared with controls. After IR treatment, rats exhibited partial normalization of phospholipid fractions, with further improvement at 30 days post treatment. These changes suggest IR radiation supports restoration of membrane structure and function in immune cells under COPD conditions.

Conclusions: IR radiation exerts modulatory effects on membrane phospholipids in lymphocytes and platelets in experimental COPD, reflecting its potential as a therapeutic modality for systemic cellular repair processes in inflammatory lung disease.

Dermatoses And The Psyche

Rustam Kh. Makhmutov — 2026-01-07

In recent years, the prevalence of socially significant dermatoses such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia has increased markedly. Psychoemotional stress is considered one of the major provoking factors influencing both the onset and course of these diseases. Conversely, chronic and torpid dermatological conditions often lead to depressive and anxiety-related disorders, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life and social functioning. This article analyzes the psychosomatic mechanisms underlying chronic dermatoses, emphasizing the role of premorbid personality traits, social consequences of visible skin lesions, and changes in the patient’s internal psychological position. Particular attention is paid to psychosomatic dermatoses and arthropathic psoriasis as clinical models illustrating the interaction between skin pathology and mental processes. The review highlights the necessity of integrating psychotherapeutic approaches into comprehensive dermatological care.

Activity Of Monooxygenase And Nitrergic Systems In Liver Microsomes Under The Action Of Drug Metabolism Inhibitors In Animals With Acute Toxic Hepatitis And Cirrhosis Of The Liver

Saida Sayfullayeva — 2026-01-14

In studies on white mongrel male rats weighing 180-250 g., it has been established that under the action of the inhibitor of the monooxygenase system, cimetidine, the inhibition of the rate of monooxygenase reactions is characterized by an increase in NOS activity due to both its constitutive (eNOS) and unconstitutive (iNOS), with a simultaneous increase in the content of NO and ONO2- in microsomes.

Cimetidine at a dose of 10 mg/kg in animals with hypertension contributed to an even more pronounced inhibition of the activity of liver monooxygenase system (MOS) enzymes. Against the background of advanced liver pathology caused by CCl4, cimetidine aggravated the process of inhibition of eNOS enzyme activity, and even more so, induced iNOS activity, expression of NO and ONO2- content.

T786C AND GLU298ASP Polymorphisms Of The Nos3 Gene And Their Association With Vascular Dysfunction In Patients With Coronary Heart Disease And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abdullaeva Charos Abdujalilovna — 2026-01-12

The impact of the T786C and Glu298Asp polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene on vascular reactivity parameters was assessed in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ninety-two patients were examined and genotyping was performed using PCR. Average linear blood flow velocity, arterial diameters before and after the functional test, and resistance and reactivity coefficients were studied. A significant decrease in vascular reactivity was found in carriers of the T/C and Glu/Asp genotypes compared to homozygotes. The identified patterns highlight the importance of NOS3 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders in the combination of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Effect of Cardiac Glycosides on Myocardial Hibernation in Ischemic Heart Disease

Abdullaeva Ch.A. — 2026-01-12

A total of 30 patients with ischemic heart disease complicated by chronic heart failure (CHF) were enrolled in the study. In nearly all patients, CHF of a moderate functional class according to the NYHA classification was observed. At rest, echocardiographic examination assessed the following main parameters: left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).

In patients with ischemic heart disease complicated by CHF, inotropic stimulation of the left ventricle by cardiac glycosides leads to a significant reduction in end-diastolic volume and dimensions. An overall and segmental increase in ejection fraction indicates the reversibility of left ventricular myocardial reserve function.

Early Signs Of Latent Iron Deficiency During Pregnancy

Zakirova Nodira Islamovna — 2026-01-15

Latent endothelial dysfunction is a condition in which the endothelial cells lining the vascular wall function inefficiently, which can lead to various pathophysiological disorders in the body. This condition is a significant predictor of anaemia. This study examines the clinical and laboratory aspects of anaemia for the purpose of prevention and treatment in women during pregnancy. Regular medical examinations and blood tests conducted for the early detection of anaemia, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, can ensure timely diagnosis and correction of this condition.

The Impact of Elevated Arterial Blood Pressure on The Development of Tinnitus and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Sanjar B. Usmonov — 2026-01-10

Arterial hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system and is known to adversely affect multiple target organs, including the auditory analyser. Persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure contributes to vascular and neural alterations that may compromise cochlear function and auditory nerve transmission. This article explores the mechanisms underlying the development of tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss in patients with arterial hypertension, with particular emphasis on their clinical and audiological characteristics and preventive aspects.

The study involved patients with arterial hypertension who underwent clinical examination, ambulatory and office-based blood pressure monitoring, pure-tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry, and otoacoustic emission testing. The findings demonstrated that a substantial proportion of hypertensive patients experienced tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss, predominantly affecting high-frequency ranges. These auditory disturbances were closely associated with the severity of arterial hypertension, disease duration, and insufficient blood pressure control.

The results indicate that chronic haemodynamic instability and hypertension-related microangiopathic changes play a key role in the impairment of cochlear microcirculation and neural structures of the auditory pathway. Regular monitoring of arterial blood pressure combined with systematic audiological screening enables early identification of hearing-related complications and may help prevent further progression of auditory dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension.