International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research

Intelligent Clinical Decision Support Systems for Nursing in Pediatric Intensive Care: Organizational Aspects of Implementation

Dilfuza Mirdadaeva — 2026-09-17

The potential of intelligent systems to support nursing decision-making in pediatric intensive care and the organizational conditions for their practical implementation were reviewed. It was established that the most relevant areas of application include continuous monitoring data analysis, early detection of clinical deterioration, and alarm management. The main barriers to implementation were identified, including inadequate integration of digital solutions into clinical workflows, false alarms, information overload, data quality requirements, and insufficient staff readiness. It was determined that effective implementation requires nurse training, clearly defined interprofessional collaboration, technical support, and continuous safety assessment. A phased implementation of these technologies in pediatric intensive care units in the Republic of Uzbekistan was substantiated, including preliminary adaptation, pilot testing, and subsequent evaluation of outcomes.

A Framework for Community Pharmacist Engagement in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance Through Improved Antibiotic Practices

Nguyen Minh Anh — 2026-09-01

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major public-health and health-system challenge in which inappropriate antibiotic use accelerates the selection and dissemination of resistant microorganisms. Community pharmacies occupy a strategically important position because pharmacists frequently serve as accessible healthcare professionals and may influence antibiotic acquisition, patient expectations, treatment adherence, and antimicrobial stewardship. This review-based research develops a conceptual framework for strengthening community pharmacist engagement in AMR prevention through improved antibiotic practices. The framework is derived exclusively from the six supplied references and integrates evidence concerning non-prescription antibiotic dispensing, pharmacist knowledge and attitudes, stewardship practices, global AMR threats, and the economic consequences of drug resistance. The methodology applies structured thematic synthesis to identify recurrent determinants of inappropriate antibiotic use and translate them into functional framework components. The resulting framework comprises five interconnected domains: pharmacist knowledge and competency, prescription-screening and dispensing practices, patient communication and education, stewardship-oriented monitoring, and institutional support and accountability. The synthesis indicates that pharmacist engagement should not be conceptualized merely as restriction of antibiotic access; rather, it requires a coordinated decision-support and stewardship model capable of balancing accessibility with clinically appropriate antibiotic use. Evidence from community-pharmacy research demonstrates that dispensing practices and professional perceptions are important intervention points, while the broader literature establishes the clinical and economic significance of resistance. The proposed framework provides a practical conceptual basis for future intervention studies, pharmacist training programs, and pharmacy-level antimicrobial stewardship policies.

Artificial Intelligence in Early Disease Detection and Modern Treatment Possibilities

Shahzoda Jamilova — 2026-09-15

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming modern healthcare by enabling earlier and more accurate diagnosis, optimizing clinical workflows, and expanding access to medical expertise through telemedicine. This article examines the current applications of AI in disease detection, with particular attention to machine-learning-based analysis of radiological images such as X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), as well as the growing role of telemedicine and virtual consultation platforms. Drawing on recent scientific literature, including studies and national initiatives from Uzbekistan, the article discusses the advantages AI brings to clinical practice, such as increased diagnostic speed, higher sensitivity in detecting early-stage pathology, and improved accessibility of specialist care in underserved regions, alongside its current limitations, including data quality dependence, limited interpretability, and the continued necessity of human clinical judgment. The article concludes that while AI cannot replace physicians, it is becoming an indispensable decision-support tool for twenty-first-century medicine.

The Scientific Foundations of The History of Medicine in The Development of Public Health

Bakhtiyarzoda Oydinkhon Bakhtiyarovna — 2026-09-12

The history of medicine represents an important scientific foundation for understanding the formation, development, and transformation of public health systems. The development of public health has never been an isolated process; rather, it has emerged from the gradual accumulation of medical knowledge, epidemiological observations, sanitary practices, technological innovations, social reforms, and institutional experience. From ancient concepts of hygiene, environmental health, and disease prevention to contemporary systems of epidemiological surveillance, vaccination, health promotion, and global health governance, historical medical knowledge has continuously influenced population health strategies. This article examines the scientific foundations of the history of medicine and analyzes their contribution to the development of public health. Particular attention is given to the evolution of preventive medicine, sanitation, epidemiology, microbiology, vaccination, health statistics, medical education, social medicine, and international health cooperation. The article also considers the contributions of Hippocrates, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), John Graunt, James Lind, Edward Jenner, John Snow, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, and other scientists whose work transformed the understanding and management of population-level health problems. The historical development of public health demonstrates that scientific progress alone is insufficient without effective institutions, social participation, legislation, health education, and equitable access to medical services. Historical analysis therefore provides not only knowledge about the past but also an evidence-based framework for evaluating present-day health policies and anticipating future public health challenges.

Features of The Clinical Course of Breast Cancer in Young Women: Clinical and Epidemiological Considerations in Uzbekistan

Baxtiyarov Timur Berdiyarovich — 2026-09-24

This article analyzes the principal features of breast cancer diagnosed in women under 40, with particular attention to the situation in Uzbekistan. Young patients have a relatively higher frequency of high-grade, triple-negative, and HER2-positive tumors, although hormone receptor-positive disease remains common and may carry a prolonged risk of recurrence. Early-onset breast cancer is also more strongly associated with hereditary susceptibility, making genetic assessment particularly relevant. In Uzbekistan, breast cancer represents the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women, emphasizing the importance of effective early detection and treatment.

Liver Damage in Chronic Viral Hepatitis C

Goyaev G.A. — 2026-09-10

Liver lesions remain a pressing issue due to their frequency and the diverse etiology of the diseases. HCV is the primary cause of the development of most diffuse liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and primary hepatocarcinoma. The vast majority of liver transplants are performed due to the consequences of CHC.

Purpose of the study. Based on a comprehensive dynamic clinical-laboratory and instrumental examination, evaluate the course and prognosis of the disease.

Research materials and methods. Clinical examination was conducted in 58 patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. All patients underwent general clinical and biochemical laboratory studies, including ELISA, PCR, and instrumental research methods.

Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the "Microsoft Excel" program (version 7.0 for Windows 98 and 2000). The main statistical analysis of the clinical trial results was conducted using the "Statistica for Windows 6.0" program.

Research results. 58 patients with chronic hepatitis C (30.6% women and 69.4% men aged 16 to 65 years) were examined. In 96.7% of patients, antibodies to hepatitis C virus were detected during clinical examination or examination for other diseases. Liver elastography data revealed that out of 58 patients, 15.3% had severe fibrosis (F3+F4) and 7.8% had stage 2 fibrosis. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory data, it was concluded that based on the results of the clinical and laboratory examination, it is impossible to make a differential diagnosis of fibrosis stages F1 and F3 CHC.

Conclusions. As a result of studying the nature of liver damage in patients with CHC depending on the duration and biochemical activity of the disease, it was established that among CHC patients with a duration of 1-5 years, the rapid formation of stage 3 liver fibrosis is recorded in 17.9% of cases.

Organizational and Managerial Aspects of Digitalization of Medical Care for Patients with Osteoporosis in The Public Health System

Zakirkhodjayeva Ranokhon Abdunabiyevna — 2026-09-23

The purpose of this review is to analyze modern organizational approaches to providing medical care to patients with osteoporosis in the context of the digital transformation of healthcare. Current models of dispensary supervision, mechanisms of interdisciplinary interaction, possibilities of medical information systems and digital technologies of patient support are considered. It is shown that the introduction of analytical and digital tools contributes to improving the efficiency of medical care management, improving preventive measures and ensuring the continuity of follow-up of patients with osteoporosis. The economic consequences of osteoporosis are also significant. The rising number of fractures entails increased expenditure on specialized medical care, surgical treatment, rehabilitation, and social support for patients. Consequently, fracture prevention and the timely identification of high-risk groups are regarded as priority areas for enhancing the efficiency of the healthcare system.

Current Course of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children

Kholmamatova U.S. — 2026-09-10

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) remains a pressing issue in pediatrics due to the high prevalence of antibacterial therapy and a significant risk of intestinal microbiocenosis disorders in children. The aim of the study was to study the clinical and laboratory indicators of intestinal microbiocenosis changes in children with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

61 children aged 2 months to 5 years with confirmed antibiotic-associated diarrhea were under observation. The study was conducted at the Andijan Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 program using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney criterion. It was established that the majority of AAD cases were registered in children aged 1 to 7 years (81.2%). The disease most frequently developed after the use of combined antibacterial therapy (40.9%) and III-IV generation cephalosporins (19.7%). In the clinical structure, gastroenteritis predominated (55.8%), while enterocolitis (31.1%) and hemocolitis (13.1%) occurred less frequently. The majority of patients had a moderate course of the disease (90.1%). The connection between the development of AAB and the severity of dysbiotic intestinal disorders against the background of the inflammatory process and antibacterial therapy has been identified. The highest incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea was observed in respiratory and intestinal infections departments.

The results obtained indicate the significant role of intestinal microbiocenosis disorders in the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and confirm the need for the rational use of antibacterial drugs, as well as timely prevention and correction of intestinal dysbiotic changes.

Association Between Clinical Manifestations and Immunohistochemical Profiles in Oral Lichen Planus

Kamilov Khaydar Pozilovich — 2026-09-15

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a persistent immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and varying degrees of severity. The present study investigated the relationship between the clinical variants of OLP and the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, p53, CD4, CD8, and CD1a.

The study included 25 patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed OLP. Clinical characteristics were evaluated in conjunction with histological findings and immunohistochemical profiles. The most severe clinical presentations, particularly the erosive-ulcerative form, were associated with markedly higher Ki-67 and p53 expression, suggesting increased epithelial proliferative activity and cellular stress. Immunohistochemical evaluation also demonstrated a predominance of CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, accompanied by an increased number of CD1a-positive antigen-presenting cells, in patients with more clinically aggressive forms of the disease.

These findings indicate a significant relationship between the clinical severity of OLP and the expression of selected immunohistochemical markers. The integration of clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessments may therefore provide valuable information for more accurate diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity in patients with oral lichen planus.

Modern Approaches to The Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastritis

Doniyorova Zulayho — 2026-09-15

Gastritis is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. It may develop as a result of Helicobacter pylori infection, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol consumption, autoimmune mechanisms, and other factors. Modern diagnosis is based on clinical assessment, laboratory investigations, non-invasive testing for H. pylori, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy when indicated. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include H. pylori eradication therapy, acid-suppressive medications, withdrawal of causative agents, and appropriate dietary and lifestyle modifications. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment can reduce complications and improve patients’ quality of life.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Using Arthroscopy as the Reference Standard

Sura Saadi Hamzah — 2026-09-25

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common knee injury, particularly among young active individuals, and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arthroscopy are widely used diagnostic modalities, with arthroscopy considered the gold standard. Evaluating the diagnostic performance of MRI in comparison with arthroscopy remains clinically important for optimizing patient care.

Aim of the study: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in anterior cruciate ligament ruptures by correlating their findings with arthroscopy as the gold standard.

Patients and methods: Prospective cross-sectional diagnostic study was conducted at Imamein Kadhimein Medical City Baghdad, Iraq, between January 2024 and October 2025. Fifty adult patients with suspected ACL injury underwent MRI assessment, and arthroscopic evaluation. Arthroscopy was the gold standard.

Results: The mean patient age was 29.6 ± 7.9 years, with males representing 82% of cases. Sports injuries were 48% of ACL injuries. Arthroscopy confirmed ACL tears in 45 patients (90%). MRI demonstrated 73.3% sensitivity, 75% specificity, PPV of 89.2%, NPV of 25%, and overall accuracy of 68%, also showing a significant association with arthroscopy (p < 0.001). MRI missed some ACL injuries confirmed arthroscopically.

Conclusions: MRI have significant diagnostic value in ACL injury detection. Arthroscopy remains the definitive diagnostic modality. MRI may enhances diagnostic confidence before surgical intervention.

Recommendations: MRI should be used as a complementary tool, particularly for evaluating associated intra-articular injuries. Arthroscopy is recommended when clinical suspicion persists despite inconclusive MRI findings.

Spatio-Temporal Association Between Human Brucellosis Incidence and Livestock Seroprevalence In Navoiy Region, Uzbekistan: A One Health Study Protocol

Khusenov Nazarbek — 2026-09-12

Background: Brucellosis remains one of the most important neglected zoonoses in Central Asia, with the highest reported human incidence globally recorded in the Middle East and Central Asia region [1]. Neighbouring Central Asian countries report substantial and, in places, rising human and livestock brucellosis burdens despite decades of control efforts, and One Health-informed evaluations in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have highlighted persistent gaps in inter-sectoral (human-veterinary) data sharing and coordination [1,2]. A district-level, spatially explicit comparison of human and livestock brucellosis burden has not previously been published for Navoiy region. Objective: To examine the spatial and temporal association between officially registered human brucellosis incidence and livestock seroprevalence across the districts of Navoiy region, to identify high-risk districts and occupational groups, and to characterise the current mechanisms of data exchange between the region's sanitary-epidemiological and veterinary services. Methods: An ecological, spatio-temporal descriptive study will combine officially registered human brucellosis case data (2018–2026) from the Navoiy Regional Department of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health with district-level livestock serological surveillance data from the Regional Veterinary Administration. District-level incidence/seroprevalence “heat maps” will be constructed in GIS software (QGIS), and correlation between human and animal indicators will be assessed with Spearman/Pearson correlation. A supplementary knowledge-attitudes-practices (KAP) survey among livestock keepers will characterise risk behaviours in higher-incidence districts. Expected results: A district-level risk map and a set of recommendations for strengthening cross-sectoral (human-veterinary) collaboration under a One Health framework in Navoiy region. Ethics and dissemination: The study will be submitted to [name of ethics committee] for approval; the KAP survey component will use written informed consent. Findings will be shared with regional health and veterinary authorities and submitted for peer-reviewed publication.

Social Patterning of Cervical Cancer Awareness Among Women of Reproductive Age in Sub-Urban Okada, Edo State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Khadijat Abdulwasiu — 2026-09-24

Cervical cancer remains a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, yet population awareness does not necessarily translate into specific knowledge of screening options. This paper examined the socio-demographic patterning of cervical cancer awareness among women of reproductive age in sub-urban Okada, Edo State, Nigeria. A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 332 women aged 15 to 49 years selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square tests, with statistical significance set at p < .05. Most respondents had heard of cervical cancer (85.8%), while 78.0% had heard of cervical cancer screening. Recognition of specific screening methods was lower: 46.7% identified Pap smear, 15.4% HPV testing and 8.1% visual inspection with acetic acid. Health workers were the most frequently reported source of cervical cancer screening information (58.4%). Cervical cancer awareness differed significantly by age (χ² = 13.587, p = .001), sexual status (χ² = 20.509, p < .001), religion (χ² = 33.369, p < .001) and educational attainment (χ² = 78.736, p < .001). Awareness was particularly high among women with tertiary education, although some categories contained small numbers and require cautious interpretation. The findings show that general recognition of cervical cancer was widespread, but knowledge of specific screening methods was less extensive and awareness was unevenly distributed across socio-demographic groups. Cervical cancer communication strategies should therefore extend beyond disease recognition and place greater emphasis on accurate, specific and accessible information about screening methods and preventive services.

Clinical and Dermographic Features of Hiv-Infected Patients

Ibrokhimova M.M. — 2026-09-10

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2022, 39.0 million people living with HIV (LV) and 1.3 million new infection cases were registered worldwide. International experience in combating the HIV infection epidemic indicates that success in controlling the disease largely depends on the conditions for organizing assistance to people living with HIV. Based on the analysis of the course of HIV infection, depending on the patients' commitment to dispensary observation and antiretroviral therapy, optimize the management tactics of patients, taking into account the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with HIV infection who are registered for dispensary observation for one year, which will provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of patients, taking into account their demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as trends in organizing antiviral therapy. In 31.1% of patients, the third stage of HIV infection was identified during the initial diagnosis. In patients who did not take ART, lower average values of CD4-lymphocytes were recorded. Moreover, every third patient, upon registration, had a viral load exceeding 100,000 copies/ml. A positive trend was noted - a decrease in the proportion of patients registered with CD4-lymphocyte levels less than 200 cl/μl, which indicates an increase in the timeliness of infection detection and the transition to early diagnosis.