International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING IN BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA: A STUDY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND CT SCAN EFFECTIVENESS

2024-11-07T06:09:26+00:00

Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a common medical emergency that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis to guide treatment and minimize complications. Diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of BAT, with ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) being the most widely used modalities. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ultrasonography and CT scans in diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma, comparing their diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and ability to detect different types of injuries. A total of 100 patients with suspected BAT were enrolled in the study, undergoing both US and CT imaging. The results demonstrated that while ultrasonography is a quick, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool for initial assessment, it is limited in detecting certain injuries, particularly in obese patients or those with retroperitoneal injuries. On the other hand, CT scanning, although more expensive and requiring longer processing time, was found to have superior sensitivity and accuracy, effectively identifying a wider range of abdominal injuries, including those involving solid organs, bowel perforation, and retroperitoneal trauma. The findings suggest that ultrasonography remains an essential first-line diagnostic tool, particularly in hemodynamically unstable patients, while CT should be considered for further evaluation in stable patients to provide a comprehensive assessment of abdominal trauma.

CARDIOMYOPATHIES IN CHILDHOOD: CLINICAL COURSE, DIAGNOSIS AND CARE TACTICS

2024-11-09T11:08:41+00:00

The article examines aspects of the clinical course, diagnostics and treatment of various forms of cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive) in children. Due to the relevance of the problem, the obtained data on the features of the clinical course, diagnostics and tactics of patient management are of interest to cardiologists, general practitioners and pediatricians of family clinics.

A total of 37 children aged 0-17 years were examined. Among those examined, the frequency of various forms of cardiomyopathy was: dilated - 62.1%, hypertrophic - 32.4%, restrictive - 5.4%. Anamnestic data, severity of the course, features of ECG, echocardiography, radiography for each form of cardiomyopathy were studied.

Latent, mild, but more often moderate and severe course of the disease was noted. Patients with DCM and HCM often have various rhythm and conduction disorders. Outpatient observation and timely (continuous) therapy of CHF are indicated for children with cardiomyopathies. In severe cases of HCM with obstructive forms of HCM, the issue of surgical treatment is considered.

NEONATAL MORTALITY TRENDS IN THE SPECIAL CARE BABY UNIT AT GHARIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

2024-11-02T12:29:48+00:00

This study examines the trends in neonatal mortality rates in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) at Gharian Teaching Hospital over the past five years, aiming to identify key factors contributing to mortality and their implications for clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was conducted, utilizing hospital records to assess neonatal outcomes from January 2018 to December 2022. The results indicate that the neonatal mortality rate in the SCBU has shown a gradual decline, from 15% in 2018 to 10% in 2022. However, specific factors, including prematurity, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies, remain prevalent among the deceased infants. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve neonatal care, particularly in managing high-risk pregnancies and enhancing the quality of care in the SCBU. The study concludes with recommendations for healthcare practitioners and policymakers to implement evidence-based practices that address the identified challenges, aiming to further reduce neonatal mortality rates and improve overall neonatal health outcomes.