International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental

Strategic Foresight's Contribution to Knowledge Management within the Salah Al-Din Education Directorate

Fatima Najm Al-Din — 2025-07-01

This study explores the role of strategic foresight in enhancing knowledge management practices within the Salah Al-Din Education Directorate. As educational institutions increasingly face dynamic challenges, the ability to anticipate future trends and align knowledge resources accordingly becomes vital. The research adopts a qualitative approach, including interviews and document analysis, to examine how foresight tools—such as scenario planning, trend analysis, and environmental scanning—are integrated into strategic decision-making. Findings indicate that when embedded within organizational culture, strategic foresight significantly contributes to knowledge creation, sharing, and utilization, leading to more adaptive and informed educational planning. The study concludes by offering recommendations for institutionalizing foresight practices in public education systems to foster innovation and resilience.

How Multinational Companies Adapt to Local Markets: Glocalization In Action

Ortig'aliyev Ulug'bek — 2025-07-10

In today’s global economy, simply offering the same product around the world no longer works. People in different countries have different tastes, habits, and values—and multinational companies know it. This article explores how global giants like McDonald’s, IKEA, and Coca-Cola have successfully adapted their products and strategies to local cultures in emerging markets. This approach, often called glocalization, blends global brand identity with local relevance. By looking at real examples from countries like India, China, and Nigeria, we’ll see how these companies tweak everything from their menus and marketing to their store layouts and supply chains. The aim is clear: stay global, but act local.

The Role of Electronic Banking Services in Enhancing Bank Profitability: An Analytical Study of a Sample of Private Iraqi Commercial Banks

Ahmed Sabah Ali Mahmood — 2025-07-20

The study aims to demonstrate the extent to which the level of electronic banking services reflects the banking profitability indicators of a sample of private banks (Baghdad, Al-Ahli, and the Middle East) listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The study identified a problem: To what extent do electronic banking services affect profitability indicators in the selected sample banks? Are the bank's electronic banking services compatible with the banking industry's economic reality and technological developments? The study reached several conclusions, including that electronic banking services, especially ATMs, points of sale, and electronic card services, have positively impacted profitability indicators in some banks, including the National Bank of Iraq and the National Bank of Baghdad. Their importance has diminished or had no positive impact on the National Bank of the Middle East. Expanding the National Bank's digital infrastructure has reduced costs and increased operational efficiency, improving profitability.

Regarding compatibility with economic and technological realities, these services are fully aligned with global trends in the banking sector. This transformation has become inevitable in the current era, as financial institutions strive to provide convenient, fast, and secure services to customers, enhancing their competitiveness in the market. Furthermore, leveraging digital infrastructure helps banks keep pace with global economic transformations that are driving a reduction in reliance on cash and stimulating digital transactions.