International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental

Using Green Marketing Techniques to Organizational Commitment in Private Iraqi Organizations

2025-10-27T13:37:34+00:00

This study addresses private Iraqi organizations' application of green marketing strategies and practices related to organizational commitment. The overall results indicated, in a manner consistent with the descriptive analysis of the variables used in the research, that green marketing strategies and practices are moderate to high among the private Iraqi organizations with a sample size of (n=150). Green pricing (mean = 3.772) and eco-friendly product design (mean = 3.771) practices had the highest mean averages. In the organizational commitment practices, Continuance Commitment (mean = 3.717) and Normative Commitment (mean = 3.713) practices were present to a great extent, while Affective Commitment (mean = 3.621) was slightly lower. Regression analysis indicated that green marketing strategies positively and significantly impacted organizational commitment, accounting for 49.8% of the total variance (R² = 0.498, p < 0.001). Finally, regarding the greater indicators of green marketing strategies, sustainable distribution had the largest effect (β = 0.596), followed by green promotion (β = 0.547), eco-friendly product design (β = 0.530), and green pricing (β = 0.505). The outcome indicates a commitment balance in green strategies within private Iraqi organizations in all of the main and sub-hypotheses. These positive outcomes contribute to existing knowledge of organizational commitment in transitional and emerging economies while also presenting avenues for future development.

Digital Accounting Systems And Their Influence On Financial Performance In The Banking Sector: A Contemporary Analysis

2025-10-03T12:10:05+00:00

Background/Purpose: The global financial industry is undergoing a significant digital transformation, with banks increasingly adopting sophisticated digital accounting systems to manage their operations. While the qualitative benefits of this shift are widely acknowledged, there remains a critical need for a focused empirical analysis on its direct financial impact on the banking sector. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the relationship between the success of digital accounting systems and the financial performance of commercial banks in a contemporary context [14, 16].

Methods: A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a cross-sectional survey to collect data from professionals within the banking sector. The study's theoretical model, built upon the DeLone and McLean IS success model [28], was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) [2]. The research instrument was designed to measure key constructs including system quality, information quality, and service quality of digital accounting systems, and their effect on various financial performance metrics [22].

Results: The analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between the success of digital accounting systems and the financial performance of the surveyed banks. Specifically, the quality of digital accounting information and the efficiency of the systems were found to be strong predictors of improved financial outcomes. These findings indicate that strategic investment in and effective implementation of digital accounting technology can directly enhance a bank's profitability and operational efficiency.

Conclusion: This study provides robust empirical evidence that the success of digital accounting systems is a key driver of financial performance in the contemporary banking sector. The findings have important practical implications for bank management, highlighting the need to prioritize system quality and user-centric design to maximize financial returns. Future research could explore the moderating role of different organizational cultures or regulatory environments on these relationships.

Formation And Development Principles Of The Enterprise Management System

2025-10-24T10:41:52+00:00

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the essence, content, and theoretical foundations of the enterprise management system. It substantiates that effective enterprise management in the conditions of a market economy is an essential factor in increasing competitiveness, ensuring efficient use of resources, and improving production efficiency. The article examines the main principles of the management system, its structural composition, organizational and managerial mechanisms, and their impact on the enterprise’s operations. Based on management theory, it highlights ways to modernize the management system, modern approaches, and the significance of innovative management methods. The research results include scientific and practical recommendations for improving the enterprise management system.

Assessing The Impact Of Banks’ Intermediation Services On Efficiency Indicators Using Regression Analysis

2025-10-23T12:13:34+00:00

This study examines how intermediation services provided by banks—proxied by loans-to-assets and deposits-to-assets ratios and supported by controls such as net interest margin, cost-to-income, and size—relate to efficiency indicators measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). To demonstrate the empirical workflow in the absence of shared proprietary data, we construct an illustrative cross-sectional dataset that reproduces realistic ranges observed in bank balance sheets and income statements. The analysis articulates a replicable pipeline: construct variables, motivate functional form, estimate models, and translate diagnostics into managerial and policy meaning. Results suggest that stronger credit and deposit intermediation are positively associated with ROA and ROE after accounting for margin, cost efficiency, and size, but the strength of association depends on cost discipline and margin conditions. The discussion emphasizes how variable selection, item construction, and diagnostic checks shape interpretability, and it cautions against naïve causal inference without panel designs, instruments, or exogenous shocks. The article concludes with practical recommendations for researchers and bank analysts who seek to align intermediation strategy with performance dashboards and stresses transparency through model documentation and robustness routines.

Components Of Labor Potential Of The Director Of An Educational Organization

2025-10-18T11:06:16+00:00

The effectiveness of an educational organization is intrinsically linked to the labor potential of its director. This article provides a systematic analysis of the fundamental components that constitute this potential. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of pedagogical and managerial literature. The study identifies and describes two primary groups of components. The first is the psychophysiological component, which includes the director's health status—a prerequisite for effective performance—and a set of personal qualities such as activity, creativity, and motivation, which serve as the basis for competitive advantages. The second is the professional and qualification component, defined by the director's level of education and formal qualifications, practical seniority that accumulates valuable experience, and professional mobility, which ensures adaptability to changing economic and technological conditions. The conclusions emphasize that a holistic approach to developing these components is crucial for improving the competitiveness and managerial efficacy of educational leaders.

The Role of Customer Service Management in Customer Experience (CX) Quality in Iraq (Asia Cell Communications Company)

2025-10-27T13:47:28+00:00

This study investigates how customer service management influences customer experience quality at Asia Cell Communications Company in Iraq, focusing on its digital channels. Through both descriptive and inferential analytical approaches, we explored how different aspects of customer service management contribute to overall customer experience. The results show that customers view the company’s customer service management at a moderate to high level (mean score = 3.75, SD = 0.419), and rapid response and quality of communication was rated the highest (mean = 3.80), indicating these are valued by the customers. Other dimensions such as attention to customer needs (mean = 3.75), problem-solving (mean = 3.72), and employee efficiency (mean = 3.70) were significant contributors, though slightly lower. Overall, major findings indicated that customer experience quality is most influenced by the company’s responsiveness, the level of personalization of communication, and reliability of services. Regression analysis further supported this finding by demonstrating that customer service management has a significant positive effect on customer experience quality, accounting for 64.8% of variations (R² = 0.648, p < 0.001). Of the different areas of customer service management, rapid response had the highest effect (β = 0.810), followed by employee efficiency (β = 0.617), quality of communication (β = 0.604), attention to customer needs (β = 0.563), and problem-solving abilities (β = 0.372).

Artificial Intelligence As A Driver Of Marketing Strategy Transformation

2025-10-17T16:24:05+00:00

The article examines the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on marketing in global and Uzbek contexts, highlighting the shift from theoretical foundations in the 1950s to the integration of generative models in business processes. The relevance of the topic is driven by the exponential growth of AI investments, reaching $252.3 billion in 2024 according to the Stanford AI Index (2025), with a focus on generative AI ($33.9 billion). The methodology combines historical-chronological, quantitative, and qualitative analysis, including case studies of companies such as Amazon, Alibaba, and Uzbek startups Uzum and MyTaxi. The results identify six stages of AI development, demonstrating its role in automation, forecasting, and personalization, where 78% of organizations use AI in business, according to McKinsey (2025). In Uzbekistan, under the 2030 AI Development Strategy, $50 million has been allocated for 86 projects, with a projected GDP contribution of $1.1 billion by 2030 (UNDP, 2025). Discussion of advantages and challenges, including ethical risks and talent shortages, leads to recommendations for public-private partnerships. In conclusion, the potential of AI for sustainable growth in developing economies is emphasized, with the AI market in marketing valued at $47.32 billion in 2025 (SEO.com, 2025).

Spatial Intelligence in The Expressive Art of Modernism and Its Manifestations in The Works of Art Education Students

2025-10-27T12:16:25+00:00

The study seeks to examine the manifestations of spatial intelligence in the artworks of fourth-year students working within the Expressionist School. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, focusing on artworks created by fourth-year students in the Department of Art Education during the 2018–2019 academic year. To assess spatial/visual intelligence, the researcher developed a specialized analytical instrument grounded in the artistic principles of Expressionism. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis to interpret the results and derive a series of conclusions, recommendations, and. suggestions.

Structural And Dynamic Transformations In The Global Fruit And Vegetable Market

2025-10-24T10:38:22+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevailing trends influencing the global fruit and vegetable market. Particular attention is given to shifting consumer preferences, evolving market structures, and the growing role of technological innovation, sustainability strategies, and globalization in shaping production, distribution, and consumption patterns. Drawing on statistical data, trade dynamics, and emerging innovations, the study offers critical insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and businesses aiming to strengthen their competitive position and adapt to the rapidly transforming landscape of the international fruit and vegetable sector.

A Comprehensive Pestel Analysis Of Bhp Group: Exploring Its Influence In The Mining Market And Impact Of The Global Economy

2025-10-23T12:07:43+00:00

This research offers a thorough analysis of BHP Group, concentrating on the performance of the business within the framework of the world economy via an in-depth PESTEL study. To investigate how the political, social, legal, economic, technological, and cultural environments affect the mining sector in Australia, BHP Group has been selected. For the information necessary to carry out the study, secondary sources were used (case studies and economic analysis). The following research aims to analyze a company’s external and internal operations as well as the effects of global events on the organization. The way in which firm executives address business-related issues during periods of political unrest and under other impacts of the local and global economies was also assessed in order to determine how they manage external obstacles.

Application Of Artificial Intelligence Technologies In The Development Of The Digital Economy Of Uzbekistan

2025-10-17T16:36:09+00:00

The article examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing Uzbekistan's digital economy within the framework of the "Digital Uzbekistan-2030" strategy. The study analyzes the current state and prospects of applying AI technologies such as natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) in entrepreneurship, particularly in e-commerce. Based on international experience and local data, key trends are identified, including the growth of the AI market and its contribution to global GDP. Special attention is paid to potential threats such as job automation, social inequality, and cybersecurity risks. Recommendations include establishing AI training centers, incentivizing the adoption of AI through tax benefits, and funding research. The study emphasizes the importance of adapting global practices to local conditions for sustainable economic growth. It concludes that the strategic implementation of AI could position Uzbekistan as a leader in digital transformation in Central Asia. The research employs observation, analysis, and deduction methods, drawing on official documents and statistics.