International Journal of Law And Criminology

An Integrated CPTED Framework For Urban Safety Assessment: A Case Study Of Space, Devices, And Activities In Kakogawa, Japan

Dr. Kenji Tanaka — Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a globally recognized approach for reducing crime and fear by manipulating the built environment. However, CPTED assessments often focus narrowly on physical design, neglecting the synergistic effects of technological interventions and community engagement. This is particularly relevant in contexts like Japan, where local safety is a product of urban planning, advanced technology, and robust community participation (machizukuri). This study addresses a critical gap by developing and applying a holistic framework to assess CPTED implementation.

Methods: This study introduces and applies a tripartite CPTED assessment framework based on three core components: Space (physical environmental features), Devices (technological security hardware), and Activities (community-based prevention efforts). Using the medium-sized Japanese city of Kakogawa as a case study, we conducted a multi-faceted data collection process. This included systematic environmental audits in diverse urban zones, GIS mapping of surveillance devices from municipal data and field surveys, and a comprehensive analysis of official documents to catalogue community safety activities.

Results: The findings reveal a varied landscape of CPTED implementation. While commercial areas and transport hubs showed high concentrations of security devices, certain residential areas and public parks exhibited significant weaknesses in spatial design, such as poor lighting and limited natural surveillance. Community activities, primarily driven by traditional neighborhood associations, were widespread but geographically uneven. Critically, the integrated analysis showed a disconnect between the three components in several areas, indicating a lack of a coordinated strategy and highlighting zones of potential vulnerability where environmental weaknesses were not compensated for by devices or activities.

Conclusion: The Space, Devices, and Activities framework provides a more comprehensive and nuanced method for evaluating urban safety measures than traditional CPTED audits. For policymakers in Kakogawa and similar cities, our findings underscore the need to move beyond siloed interventions towards an integrated strategy that strategically aligns physical design improvements, technology deployment, and community mobilization to create safer urban environments.

Foreign Experience In Implementing Parliamentary Oversight Of Government Activities In Foreign Countries

Naurizbaeva Gulayim Sarsenbaevna — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article is devoted to an in-depth comparative analysis of oversight mechanisms in two leading democratic models of the world — the United States, which has a presidential system based on the separation of powers, and the United Kingdom, which operates under a parliamentary system characterized by the fusion of powers. Based on the results of this analysis, scientifically grounded recommendations are developed to further improve parliamentary oversight in Uzbekistan.

Comparative Analysis Of The Norms Establishing Liability For Extortion In The Criminal Legislation Of Some Foreign States

Babaev Abdulaziz Fakhritdinovich — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article provides a comparative analysis of the norms establishing responsibility for extortion in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and similar norms in the criminal legislation of some foreign countries, in particular the Russian Federation, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Belarus, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Italy, France, Germany and England, attention is drawn to the similarities and differences of the criminal responsibility for extortion in these countries, as a result of the analysis, the positive experience of some countries in criminal legislation was approved, proposals and recommendations have been developed to improve article 165 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which provides for liability for extortion.