International Journal of Law And Criminology

Balancing Social Reintegration And Information Control: A Comparative Doctrinal And Institutional Analysis Of Criminal Record Registration, Disclosure, And Expungement In Germany And China

2026-01-01T02:36:35+00:00

Criminal record systems occupy a structurally ambivalent position at the intersection of crime control, social governance, and fundamental rights protection. On the one hand, the state’s systematic recording and disclosure of prior convictions serves public security, judicial efficiency, and preventive objectives. On the other hand, the enduring visibility of past offences risks transforming criminal punishment into a lifelong social stigma, undermining rehabilitation, proportionality, and personal development. This article undertakes a comprehensive comparative and doctrinal analysis of criminal record registration, inquiry, disclosure, sealing, and expungement, focusing primarily on Germany and China while incorporating relevant comparative perspectives. Drawing strictly on the provided references, the study reconstructs the historical evolution, normative foundations, and institutional logic of criminal record regimes, with particular emphasis on minor offences and juvenile delinquency. Through an integrated methodological approach combining doctrinal legal analysis, historical interpretation, and comparative institutional study, the article demonstrates that criminal record systems are not neutral administrative tools but deeply value-laden legal institutions shaped by penal theory, constitutional rights, and social policy. The German model, characterized by centralized registers, differentiated disclosure rules, and constitutionally anchored rehabilitation principles, contrasts sharply with China’s fragmented, locally constructed inquiry and certification practices, which increasingly confront tensions between social management and emerging personal information rights. The analysis reveals converging reform trajectories, especially regarding record sealing for juveniles and minor offences, yet also persistent structural divergences rooted in differing legal traditions and governance logics. The article argues that sustainable criminal record reform requires a systematic recalibration of the relationship between punishment, information, and social reintegration, advancing a principled model that integrates proportionality, temporal limitation, and differentiated access while safeguarding both public interests and individual dignity.

Common Grounds For Refusing Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards In Uzbekistan

2026-01-15T05:29:22+00:00

In this article, the key grounds for refusal of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Uzbekistan are discussed. The article first outlines the legal reasons based on which the courts may refuse to recognize and enforce such awards. It then examines how these grounds have been applied in practice, using examples from real cases.

The Concept Of The Social State And The System Of Its Constitutional Principles

2026-01-24T10:18:01+00:00

The article is devoted to a theoretical and legal analysis of the concept of the social state in the context of modern constitutional and legal doctrine and the practice of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The philosophical and scholarly origins of the idea of the social state in the works of Western and Eastern thinkers are examined, as well as the contribution of European and domestic legal scholarship to the formation of this concept. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the social state as a constitutional principle that determines the content of state policy and the limits of discretion of public authorities. The fundamental principles of the social state—human dignity, social justice, social solidarity, equality, and the guaranteed nature of social rights—are analyzed, along with the specific features of their normative consolidation and implementation in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and strategic development documents. The article concludes that an “active social state” model is being formed in Uzbekistan, aimed at ensuring a decent standard of living, reducing social inequality, and guaranteeing the real enjoyment of social rights.