International Journal of Law And Criminology

Interconnected Failures: An Ecological Systems Analysis of Wrongful Convictions in the U.S. Criminal Justice System

2025-07-31T19:43:34+00:00

This study applies an ecological systems theory framework to examine the complex, interconnected factors contributing to wrongful convictions in the U.S. criminal justice system. Moving beyond isolated explanations, the analysis considers multiple systemic levels—including individual, institutional, community, and societal influences—that interact to produce judicial errors. Key elements such as police misconduct, prosecutorial overreach, inadequate defense, systemic bias, and sociopolitical pressures are explored as part of a broader ecosystem of failure. By situating wrongful convictions within this multidimensional context, the study highlights the need for holistic reform strategies that address the structural and cultural dynamics underpinning miscarriages of justice.

Defining Legal Boundaries to Combat Unfair Competition: An Analysis of Eu Law and International Practice

2025-08-08T16:29:07+00:00

This article examines the issue of combating unfair competition within both international and national legal frameworks. The author explores the scope and limitations of exclusive rights in relation to intellectual property, particularly focusing on the newly introduced neighboring rights of press publishers as outlined in Directive (EU) 2019/790. Using France’s legal and judicial response to Google’s behavior as a case study, the paper analyzes how competition authorities have intervened to protect press publishers from abuse of dominant market position by digital platforms. The article also considers the lack of clear legal boundaries in digital environments and the importance of adapting national antitrust policies to reflect evolving international standards. In doing so, it proposes a framework for legal harmonization and balanced rights enforcement in the digital economy.

The Concept and Characteristics of Trade in Services in International Law

2025-08-08T12:15:06+00:00

This paper explores the evolving concept and legal characteristics of international trade in services, emphasizing the growing importance of the service sector in the global economy. The study examines the challenges in defining “services” in legal and economic contexts and reviews the international legal framework, particularly the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). By analyzing the modes of service delivery and sector classifications, the paper highlights the complexity and dynamism of service trade regulation. It concludes that while services are central to economic development, their legal treatment remains fluid due to their intangible, diverse, and rapidly changing nature.

Unfair Competition in The European Union: Doctrinal Evolution, Legal Harmonization, And the Role of Directive 2005/29/EC

2025-08-08T16:32:21+00:00

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of unfair competition within the European Union, focusing on the doctrinal development and harmonization efforts that culminated in the adoption of Directive 2005/29/EC on Unfair Commercial Practices. Drawing on comparative perspectives, the paper examines the historical foundations and divergent regulatory approaches of EU member states, highlighting the shift from traditional business protection models toward a consumer-centered framework. Special attention is paid to the implementation challenges, structural components, and harmonization impact of the Directive, particularly in balancing national legal diversity with supranational standards. The study also addresses persistent discrepancies in the interpretation of key legal terms such as "unfairness," "misleading," and "professional diligence," as well as the limits of voluntary self-regulation. The article concludes that while Directive 2005/29/EC has significantly advanced the alignment of national laws with EU competition principles, the complete unification of unfair competition regulation remains a long-term objective, impeded by both legal pluralism and conceptual fragmentation.

Foreign Experience in The Legal Regulation of Social Protection of Civil Servants and Prospects for Its Application in Uzbekistan

2025-08-08T16:25:00+00:00

This article explores the legal foundations of social protection for civil servants in Japan, China, Germany, France, and Kazakhstan. Based on comparative analysis, it identifies effective models that can be adapted to the legal system of Uzbekistan.