International Journal Of History And Political Sciences

Script Reform And Post-Soviet Identity: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, And Azerbaijan In Comparative Perspective

2025-12-09T13:21:09+00:00

This study examines alphabet reforms in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan as critical components of post-Soviet nation-building and identity formation. Following independence in 1991, all three nations initiated transitions from Cyrillic to Latin scripts, yet their implementation strategies and outcomes differ markedly. Using comparative case study methodology and analyzing three decades of policy documents, educational reforms, and sociolinguistic data, this research explores how script reform serves as both symbolic break from Soviet legacy and practical assertion of cultural sovereignty. The findings reveal distinct approaches: Uzbekistan's gradual thirty-year transition, Kazakhstan's planned shift toward 2025, and Azerbaijan's rapid decade-long implementation. Despite shared motivations—de-Russification, modernization, and Turkic integration—each pathway reflects unique historical contexts, demographic structures, and geopolitical considerations.

Some Aspects Of Increasing The Social Activity Of Young People In Uzbekistan (Harmony Of National And Foreign Experience

2025-12-13T07:23:28+00:00

The issue of youth activity has been always the most essential one. Consequently, the present article is devoted to the analysis of the definition of the youth activity, its socio-political and philosophical aspects with an emphasis on the fact that increasing the social activity of young people in Uzbekistan is an urgent problem. Therefore, the involvement in the process of functional integration and universalization of the fact that increasing the social activity of young people is a socio-political and spiritual and moral direction of civil society is philosophically justified.Some aspects of increasing the social activity of young people were investigated with the help of cited positive surveys, as well as advanced foreign experience.

Main Aspects Of Energy System Diversification In Central Asian States

2025-12-09T13:35:04+00:00

This article examines the main aspects of diversifying the energy system in Central Asia, emphasizing its strategic importance for energy security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. It identifies excessive dependence on fossil fuels, outdated infrastructure, and growing energy demand as key vulnerabilities in the region's current energy models. Regional energy cooperation is considered necessary, utilizing the complementarity of natural resources between states to optimize supplies and enhance sustainability. Furthermore, the article calls for regulatory reforms, investment incentives, and long-term policy frameworks to support diversification. In conclusion, it is concluded that a holistic and coordinated approach - combining internal reforms with trans-boundary energy cooperation - is vital for achieving sustainable, safe, and modernized energy systems in Central Asian countries.

Spiritual And Educational Characteristics Of Rationality And Irrationality In The Social Anthropology Of Kindness And Love

2025-12-14T10:29:33+00:00

The article studies the reflection of national-spiritual education in the works of our Eastern scholars from ancient times to the present day and the process of comparative analysis of these works with the works of our Western scholars. It is emphasized that it is an urgent issue to highlight the national and spiritual factors of national spiritual education of children in the family, the customs, customs, traditions of the nation, the role and importance of love and affection in raising the younger generation. The influence of the existing rules and regulations in the life of the people on the harmonious upbringing of the generation in the family.

Coverage Of The Political Life Of Turkestan In The Newspaper “Tarjiman”

2025-12-13T07:20:09+00:00

Ismailbek Gasparali's newspaper "Tarjiman" provided important information about the political life of Turkestan. It is known that during this period, Turkestan was under the rule of the Russian Empire, and the pages of the newspaper revealed the policy of the occupying government towards this country. Also, "Tarjiman" analyzed the political processes in Turkestan and touched upon the true nature of the empire's occupation of Turkestan and its colonial policy.