International Journal Of History And Political Sciences

A Comparative Historical Analysis of The St. Lawrence Seaway Development As A Mechanism Of Environmental Racism And Forced Territorial Appropriation In Kahnawà:Ke

2026-08-01T05:27:15+00:00

The construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway represents one of the most transformative infrastructure projects in North American history, significantly reshaping regional economic systems, transportation networks, and geopolitical relations. However, beyond its widely recognized economic significance, the project generated profound social, territorial, and environmental consequences for Indigenous communities, particularly the Mohawk community of Kahnawà:ke. This study develops a comparative historical analysis to examine how the Seaway's construction functioned as a mechanism of environmental racism and forced territorial appropriation. Rather than treating infrastructure development as a politically neutral process, the research investigates how state-led modernization intersected with colonial governance, environmental decision-making, and Indigenous land dispossession. The study adopts a qualitative comparative historical methodology based on thematic interpretation, institutional analysis, and policy-oriented synthesis of existing scholarly literature. Although the available references primarily discuss culture, governance, institutional behavior, corruption, diplomacy, and comparative societal analysis, they provide valuable conceptual frameworks for understanding institutional power, cultural governance, decision-making structures, and public policy implementation. The analysis demonstrates that large-scale infrastructure projects may institutionalize unequal environmental burdens through asymmetric political authority, exclusionary governance mechanisms, and culturally embedded administrative priorities. Findings indicate that environmental racism extends beyond discriminatory intent and often emerges through institutional processes that systematically marginalize Indigenous participation while privileging national economic objectives. The paper contributes to interdisciplinary scholarship by integrating comparative historical inquiry with governance theory, institutional analysis, and environmental justice perspectives. It further argues that contemporary infrastructure planning should incorporate Indigenous sovereignty, equitable environmental governance, and participatory decision-making as central principles of sustainable development.

Uzbekistan And the Eurasian Economic Union: Assessing the Prospects and Challenges of Deeper Economic Integration

2026-08-09T11:51:49+00:00

Ever since taking on observer status in 2020, Uzbekistan has slowly been deepening its economic ties with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). This paper looks closely at what full accession would actually mean for the country, weighing the promised perks against the real-world trade-offs in regional commerce and national sovereignty. Looking at recent trade data and policy shifts, the research zeroes in on shifting trade flows, tariff harmonization, and key political considerations. The analysis shows that jumping in fully could give Uzbek exports a serious boost, streamline cross-border logistics, and offer better protections for labor migrants abroad. On the flip side, local industries would face much tougher competition, and Tashkent risks losing the flexibility to craft its own independent trade policies. Ultimately, while joining the EAEU brings clear economic wins, Uzbekistan has to carefully measure those gains against domestic market pressures and its broader diplomatic autonomy.

Political Authority and Cultural Patronage of Timurid Royal Women: A Comparative Analysis of The Chronicles of Sharaf Al-Din Ali Yazdi And Abd Al-Razzaq Samarqandi

2026-08-09T11:47:55+00:00

The political and cultural roles of Timurid royal women have long remained overshadowed by studies focusing primarily on rulers and military elites. Nevertheless, medieval Persian chronicles preserve substantial evidence demonstrating that royal women actively participated in dynastic politics, diplomatic relations, charitable patronage, and the cultural development of the Timurid state. This study examines the representation of Timurid royal women in two major historical chronicles: Zafarnama by Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi and Matla' al-Sa'dayn wa Majma' al-Bahrayn by Abd al-Razzaq Samarqandi. Employing a comparative source-based methodology, the research analyzes how these historians portrayed the political influence, public authority, religious patronage, and social status of prominent royal women, including Saray Mulk Khanum (Bibikhanum), Gawharshad Begim, Khanzada Begim, Tuman Agha, and Shadmulk Begim. The findings indicate that Timurid royal women functioned not merely as members of the royal household but also as influential actors in state governance, dynastic legitimacy, diplomatic negotiations, architectural patronage, and court politics. Although both chroniclers generally present these women within the framework of dynastic history, their narratives differ in emphasis according to their historiographical objectives and political contexts. The study argues that integrating comparative historiography with gender-oriented historical analysis provides a more comprehensive understanding of women's agency within the Timurid Empire and contributes to broader discussions on medieval Islamic political culture.

The Formation and Development of Mining and Metallurgy in Ustrushana In Ancient Times

2026-08-09T11:50:03+00:00

This article examines the emergence and development of mining and metallurgy in ancient Ustrushana based on archaeological materials and historical sources. It analyzes the natural prerequisites for the development of mining, the extraction and processing of copper, bronze, iron, and other metals, as well as the role of metallurgy in the growth of handicrafts and the regional economy. Particular attention is given to archaeological evidence from mining sites, metallurgical workshops, and craft production centers, which demonstrates the significant contribution of Ustrushana to the technological and socio-economic development of Central Asia during antiquity.