This article examines the emergence and development of mining and metallurgy in ancient Ustrushana based on archaeological materials and historical sources. It analyzes the natural prerequisites for the development of mining, the extraction and processing of copper, bronze, iron, and other metals, as well as the role of metallurgy in the growth of handicrafts and the regional economy. Particular attention is given to archaeological evidence from mining sites, metallurgical workshops, and craft production centers, which demonstrates the significant contribution of Ustrushana to the technological and socio-economic development of Central Asia during antiquity.
The Formation and Development of Mining and Metallurgy in Ustrushana In Ancient Times
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Keywords:
Ustrushana
mining
metallurgy
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References
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