American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research

Climate Change and Occupational Vulnerability: Social Implications and Adaptive Strategies for Outdoor and Informal Workers

Juber Singh — 2026-03-01

affecting outdoor and informal workers who lack institutional protections and adaptive infrastructures. This study explores how systemic social inequalities structure occupational heat vulnerability and examines adaptive behaviours, social networks, and community strategies that workers employ. Using a mixed methodology that integrates secondary labour statistics, qualitative narratives from frontline workers, and sociological analysis, this research highlights the intersection of labour precarity and environmental risk. Results indicate that informal employment, lack of social security, gender inequities, and limited access to cooling resources exacerbate heat‑related health impacts and socioeconomic instability among vulnerable workers. The paper concludes with recommendations for socially rooted adaptive strategies, labor policy reforms, and inclusive climate governance mechanisms designed to reduce occupational heat vulnerability.

Artificial Intelligence and Religious Ethics: Evaluating Reliance on Islamic Chatbots For Spiritual Guidance

Giyosiddin Askaraliev — 2026-03-17

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has initiated a transformative period in the dissemination of religious knowledge and the exercise of spiritual authority within the global Muslim community. By providing a comprehensive evaluation of the ethical, theological, and jurisprudential implications of utilizing Islamic chatbots for religious guidance, with a localized focus on the Republic of Uzbekistan, the article examines technical performance metrics from benchmarks like IslamicEval 2025, sociological shifts among Generation Z users, and the application of the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa as a normative framework for digital ethics. The findings emphasize that while AI facilitates unprecedented access to religious texts, the persistence of "algorithmic hallucinations," the absence of spiritual lineage (sanad), and the lack of moral intentionality (niyyah) necessitate a "Human-in-the-Loop" approach to safeguard the integrity of the Islamic legal tradition.

International Experience in The Development of Professional Self-Reflection of Future Teachers

Khakimov Sodiqjon Rasuljon o‘g‘li — 2026-03-12

This article provides an overview of international experience in the development of professional self-reflection of future teachers. The author examines current methods and strategies used in various countries to stimulate and develop self-reflective skills among student teachers. Special attention is paid to successful practices that contribute to the formation of critical thinking, analytical skills and deep understanding of the professional experience of future educational leaders. The article highlights the key aspects contributing to the effective implementation of self-reflection methods in the educational process and improving the quality of teacher training in the modern educational context. This review can serve as a basis for developing innovative approaches to teaching teachers, providing them with the necessary tools for continuous professional growth and successful adaptation to the dynamic challenges of the educational environment.

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Formalizing an Employment Contract

Sharofjon Kh. Mamatmurodov — 2026-03-12

This article examines the concept of an employment contract, its specific features and the procedure for its execution in the light of the new Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also analyzes the legal consequences of masking labor relations through civil law contracts and international experience. At the end of the article, proposals are put forward to improve national legislation.

The Spiritual Heritage of Karakalpak Heroic Epics and Their Role in The Education of Youth

Bazarbaeva Guljahan Muratbaevna — 2026-03-12

This article analyzes the historical, cultural, and philosophical content of Karakalpak folk epics. The study examines the origins, performance traditions, and genre characteristics of epics as an important part of Karakalpak oral folklore. It also highlights the ideas of patriotism, bravery, justice, and freedom reflected in the epics “Alpomish,” “Edige,” and “Qirq qiz.” The research results show that Karakalpak folk epics play a significant role in shaping the historical memory, spiritual values, and national identity of the people.

The Role of The Mahalla Institution in The Formation of The Spiritual Space of New Uzbekistan Through Social Activity

Usnatdinov Azamat Sipatdin ulı — 2026-03-12

At the stage of development of New Uzbekistan, strengthening civil society institutions and increasing the social activity of the population is defined as a priority task. In particular, in the "Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan," Sh. Mirziyoyev emphasizes that improving the mahalla system and supporting the social activity of citizens is an important direction of state policy[5: 127]. The role of the mahalla in strengthening the spiritual environment in society was also emphasized. In scientific literature, it is scientifically substantiated that civic participation is an important factor in the development of society. In Uzbekistan, the legal status of the mahalla institution is defined by law[8]. However, in existing studies, the mechanism for the formation of the spiritual space of New Uzbekistan through the social activity of the mahalla institution has not been sufficiently analyzed. Therefore, in this article, the following scientific question is formulated: how the forms of manifestation of social activity within the framework of the mahalla institute influence the development of the spiritual space of New Uzbekistan.
The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of civil society. The mahalla institution is one of the main social mechanisms that form social activity and strengthen the spiritual space. Initiatives implemented through the mahalla serve to develop the political and spiritual consciousness of citizens and strengthen the possibilities of supporting social activity. Thus, the mahalla institution serves to form the institutional components of the spiritual space of New Uzbekistan by stimulating social activity. This allows us to interpret the mahalla not only as a territorial unit of government, but also as a social platform for spiritual development.