American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research

Reconstructing the New Woman and Lower-Class Identity: A Comparative Study of Fitzgerald And Mahfouz

Dr. Nadeesha Perera — 2026-08-01

The literary representation of gender and class has remained one of the most significant concerns in twentieth-century fiction, reflecting broader historical transformations associated with modernization, capitalism, colonialism, and cultural reform. Among the writers who profoundly explored these issues are F. Scott Fitzgerald and Naguib Mahfouz, whose novels portray societies undergoing rapid social change while simultaneously exposing persistent inequalities. Although Fitzgerald examines the contradictions of the American Dream through class mobility and female emancipation, Mahfouz investigates similar concerns within the socio-cultural realities of Egyptian society, emphasizing the interaction between tradition, religion, and modernity. This study comparatively examines the reconstruction of the "New Woman" and lower-class identity in selected works by Fitzgerald and Mahfouz, primarily The Great Gatsby and Midaq Alley. Drawing upon comparative literary analysis, feminist narratology, narratology, and socio-cultural criticism, the research investigates how narrative structure, focalization, characterization, and symbolic representation shape the relationship between gender and class. The study further evaluates how economic inequality influences female agency while demonstrating that social mobility often remains constrained despite aspirations for independence. Comparative findings reveal that although both authors operate within distinct cultural frameworks, they critique hierarchical social systems that marginalize women and economically disadvantaged communities. The research contributes to comparative literary studies by integrating feminist theoretical perspectives with class analysis, illustrating that the New Woman cannot be understood independently of economic conditions and social identity. The article further argues that literature serves as an interpretative medium through which competing notions of modernity, gender equality, and class consciousness are negotiated across diverse cultural contexts.

Modern Aspects of Engaging University Students with National Cultural Heritage

Boykuzieva Rano Karimovna — 2026-08-10

This article examines the pedagogical imperatives and contemporary strategies for integrating national cultural heritage into the higher education system of Uzbekistan. In the light of ongoing educational reforms and the national strategic vision of the 'Third Renaissance', the study investigates how higher education institutions can effectively cultivate cultural identity, spiritual-moral integrity, and historical consciousness among youth. The research addresses the pressing challenges posed by the rapid expansion of socio-virtual realities and globalised mass culture, which frequently alienate students from authentic cultural paradigms and traditional values. Through an analysis of fundamental legislative framework—including Presidential Decree No. UP-5847 and the Law on Education—the paper underscores the necessity of synthesising traditional pedagogical methods with innovative digital and poly-sensory learning technologies. Furthermore, the work highlights the profound historical legacy of medieval Eastern polymaths and Timurid scholars, demonstrating how their scientific, philosophical, and ethical contributions serve as vital educational resources. Particular attention is given to the formation of multifaceted student competencies, encompassing motivational, cognitive, socio-normative, value-oriented, and creative dimensions. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that a structured, emotionally engaging, and reflective educational framework enables students not only to internalise their cultural heritage, but also to actively preserve and transmit it to future generations.

Theoretical and Conceptual Basis of The Geostrategic Relationship Between Central Asia And the South Caucasus In the Context of Global Geopolitical Transformations

Yashnar Ganixodjayev — 2026-08-14

This article examines the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the geostrategic interconnectedness between Central Asia and the South Caucasus amid ongoing global geopolitical transformations. The transition from a unipolar to a multipolar international system, increasing geo-economic competition, the restructuring of transport corridors, and growing concerns over energy security have significantly strengthened functional interdependence between these two regions.