American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research

Governance Frameworks and Administrative Excellence: An Empirical Investigation of Institutional Performance Enhancement in Saudi Telecom Company, Jeddah

Dr. Amir Hosseini — 2026-07-01

This study examines the role of governance frameworks and administrative principles in achieving institutional excellence, with a specific empirical focus on the Saudi Telecom Company (STC) in Jeddah. In contemporary organizational environments, governance structures are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of institutional performance, efficiency, accountability, and long-term sustainability. The research investigates how administrative governance mechanisms influence decision-making quality, operational efficiency, and service delivery outcomes within large-scale telecommunication enterprises.

The study adopts a qualitative-analytical research design based on secondary data synthesis derived from governance literature and institutional reports. It critically evaluates governance models such as decentralization, administrative accountability systems, and performance-based management frameworks. The analysis integrates perspectives from institutional governance theories and examines how structural reforms contribute to organizational excellence. Comparative insights are drawn from governance-related administrative transformations documented in broader institutional contexts, including decentralization reforms and governance restructuring models (RDC, 2008).

Findings suggest that robust governance frameworks significantly enhance institutional agility, transparency, and performance optimization. However, challenges such as bureaucratic rigidity, misalignment of strategic objectives, and limited adaptive governance mechanisms may hinder optimal outcomes. The study concludes that integrated governance systems combining accountability, decentralization, and performance monitoring are essential for achieving sustained institutional excellence in telecommunication sectors.

The Question of Population Migration to The Southern Khorezm Oasis and Its Interpretation

Atadjanova Dilnoza Ganiyevna — 2026-07-16

This article examines one of the most debated problems in the ancient history of Central Asia – the migration of a farming population to the southern Khorezm oasis in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and the scholarly interpretation of this process. The study is based on a comparative analysis of three groups of sources: ancient Greek, Roman and Achaemenid written records together with the Avesta; medieval local narratives, above all the works of Abu Rayhan Beruni and al-Muqaddasi, as well as folk legends preserved in the oasis; and the results of archaeological research carried out in the region from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. The analysis shows that in the early sixth century BCE the south-eastern part of the Khorezm oasis underwent a fundamental economic transformation that had no roots in the preceding Amirabad and Kuyusay cultures of the Early Iron Age. Fortified settlements, wheel-made pottery production and irrigated agriculture appeared within a short period, which most researchers explain by the arrival of a population group from the southern agricultural regions. The article systematises the principal hypotheses concerning the original homeland of the Chorasmians (the Merv and Herat regions, the Serakhs oasis on the middle Tejen, the area between Margiana and Bactria) and the causes of their migration (the campaigns of Cyrus II, the taxation policy of Darius I, hydrological changes in the Akes river basin). It is concluded that the archaic culture of southern Khorezm was formed on the basis of the interaction of several cultural traditions brought by migrants and the local pastoral population, and that the two-stage migration model, dating the main wave to the late seventh – sixth centuries BCE, best corresponds to the combined evidence of the written and archaeological sources.

Studying the Contribution of Uzbeks To the Victory in World War Two in Uzbekistan During the Years of Independence

Murodjon Tashkhodjaev — 2026-07-14

The article discusses the studies created in the years after Uzbekistan gained independence in the historiography of the Motherland on the topic of the contribution of Uzbeks to the victory in World War II, and the issues raised in them.

Reintegration Of Niger Delta Ex- Militants Into Their Communities: The Impacts And The Challenges, 2009-2019

Ubongabasi Ebenezer Israel — 2026-07-04

The Niger Delta armed conflicts shifted focus from the violence that engulfed the region to the challenges of Post Amnesty era. The Amnesty package granted by the federal government of Nigeria to all persons involved in militant activities in 2009 became a window for easy transition for Niger Delta militants to acquire civilian status. The reintegration aspect of the amnesty was an effort towards curtailing the risk associated with ex -militants as community spoilers and special risk factors. The component was essential in order to bring peace and development to the area by transforming ex militants to meaningful and productive citizens. The study examines the reintegration component and analyzes the achievements and challenges. Finding indicate that the Niger Delta reintegration exercise targeted ex-militants only. Others victims of the armed conflicts were not captured in the DDR programme. The study conclude by advocating for the establishment of Post-Inclusive Re-Integration Agency (PIRA) for ex-militant and other victims of the conflicts, ensure continuous assessment, monitoring and evaluation of ex-militants and victims. These would lead to greater peace, stability, progress and massive development in the region. The study relied basically on secondary sources of data.

The Development of Science in The Khiva Khanate

Sotvoldiev Sayfiddin Abduvohid ugli — 2026-07-17

This article analyzes the development of science and scholarly culture in the Khiva Khanate. The study interprets science in its historical meaning as a broad system of knowledge that included religious studies, jurisprudence, historiography, philology, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, translation, manuscript culture and practical administrative knowledge. Special attention is paid to the role of madrasas, court patronage, waqf institutions, historiographical schools, the translation movement and the cultural policy of Muhammad Rahim Khan II.

Criminal Liability for Hate Speech on Social Media: Problems and Solutions

Tileumuratova Madina Ilhom qizi — 2026-07-16

This article analyzes the phenomenon of hate speech on social media and the issues surrounding the establishment of criminal liability for it. Drawing on Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international legal standards, the European Union's Digital Services Act, and comparative legal practice, the authors examine the boundaries of criminalizing hate speech. The article identifies the main problems in establishing criminal liability — definitional ambiguity, jurisdictional issues, and balancing with freedom of speech — and proposes solutions to them.

Squeezed Between Hegemons: How Strategic Position Between Competing Great Powers Shapes Middle Power Autonomy Strategies Within the U.S. Alliance System

Zulaykho Rakhimjonova Mirzokhid kizi — 2026-07-13

This article examines how a middle power’s strategic position between competing hegemonic powers shapes the comprehensiveness and character of its pursuit of strategic autonomy within the U.S. alliance system. Drawing on comparative case study analysis of Japan, South Korea, and Australia — three U.S. allies that face the shared challenge of China’s rising military power but occupy distinctly different strategic positions relative to that challenge — the article introduces the concept of “hegemonic squeeze” to describe the condition of being positioned between competing great powers in ways that create simultaneous, multidirectional, and inescapable pressures. While related concepts such as “omni-enmeshment” (Goh, 2005) and “strategic hedging” (Goh, 2007) have addressed aspects of middle power management between great powers in non-allied contexts, this article argues that hegemonic squeeze specifically captures the condition of formal U.S. allies caught between their hegemonic patron and a hegemonic rival — a condition that drives more comprehensive and multidimensional autonomy strategies than those facing unidirectional great power pressure. Japan and South Korea, positioned between the competing influences of the United States and China, pursue simultaneously vertical binding, horizontal binding, hedging, and military modernization as interlocking components of their autonomy strategies (Simón & Klose, 2025; Sims & Chinfulli, 2025). Australia, facing great power pressure in a less immediate and less multidirectional form, pursues a more focused autonomy strategy centered primarily on military self-reliance through AUKUS (PIR Center, 2025). The article concludes by acknowledging an important limitation: whether the number of simultaneous security threats, rather than hegemonic squeeze specifically, independently drives comprehensive autonomy strategies remains an important question for future comparative research.