American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research

Psychological Factors Influencing Underachievement In Primary School Students

2025-12-09T13:16:43+00:00

Teachers, psychologists, and policy makers are still very worried about students who do poorly in school, but they don't always know why some kids who are otherwise smart do poorly. This paper analyzes essential psychological factors that affect underachievement in primary school students, specifically emphasizing motivation, self-regulation, cognitive processes, emotional functioning, and self-concept. The article is predicated on a narrative review and conceptual analysis of contemporary theoretical and empirical research in educational and developmental psychology. The interaction among executive functions, achievement motivation, school-related anxiety, and perceived competence is emphasized, along with the mediating influence of family and classroom contexts. The analysis indicates that underachievement seldom results from a singular deficiency; instead, it arises from the cumulative impact of inadequate self-regulation, fluctuating motivation, detrimental beliefs regarding capability, and maladaptive emotional reactions to academic challenges. These elements are ingrained in relational dynamics with parents and educators and are additionally influenced by the school climate and expectations. The paper concludes with implications for psychological assessment and intervention, emphasizing the necessity for early identification of risk profiles, the systematic cultivation of self-regulatory and motivational competencies, and the collaborative efforts of teachers, school psychologists, and families to establish supportive learning environments.

The Harmony Of Antiutopy And Realism In The Works Of Tohir Malik

2025-12-15T13:59:12+00:00

This article discusses social science fiction in T. Malik's work, its underlying genre of dystopia, and realistic interpretation. The author's novel "The Idiot" is used as the object of analysis. Dystopia is a fantasy genre that Uzbek writers have almost never touched, and we find features of this genre in T. Malik's novel "The Idiot." Life on the planet Tang in the novel Distopy is either a misguided utopia or a utopian society that works only for certain layers.

In the novel, realistic reality and a fantastic plot are carried out in parallel. The point of their intersection is represented by the image of an alien. This style in "Devona" is the same as social fantasy recognized in world literature. Rhaq, sent to Earth as a researcher from the planet Tang, acts as a perpendicular line intersecting these two parallel lines, that is, historical reality and fantastic fiction. In the novel, the events of 1917-1921 in Bukhara and the Fergana Valley, the events of the repression period of 1938-1939 are connected and compared with the dystopian life on the imaginary planet Tang through the two-time trip of a crisis cosmonaut named Rhaq to Earth to study the planet Earth.

In the dystopia of the novel, there is a method of warning about the terrible future of humanity, which is striving for scientific and technological progress, but is moving away from its identity and human values, reaching the peak of development and experiencing a decline in human feelings. On the example of the characters of Kholikberdi Tura and Norkhoja in the novel, the prototypes of the kurbashis Madaminbek and Kholkhoja Eshon, who fought for national liberation, are depicted. The article clarifies the historical truth about the leaders Kholkhoja and Shermat, which was changed during the Soviet period, based on several historical sources.

Person-Centered Approach As An Important Factor In Developing Prospective Teachers’ Pedagogical Intelligence

2025-12-14T04:40:47+00:00

Conventional teacher education approaches frequently fail to cultivate what is termed pedagogical intelligence—the cohesive ability to merge robust content knowledge with technology proficiency, emotional insight, and relational skills. This controlled mixed-methods study, involving 124 pre-service teachers at a university in Uzbekistan, investigated whether a 15-week person-centered module based on Carl Rogers' fundamental conditions might surpass the regular curriculum. The intervention comprised encounter groups, collaboratively developed learning plans, and reflective portfolios. Quantitative findings indicated that the person-centred group achieved substantial improvements (Cohen’s d = 2.8–3.7) in pedagogical content knowledge, TPACK, emotional intelligence, and relational competence, far surpassing the comparison group. Qualitative studies of interviews and portfolios revealed a significant transformation in professional identity, characterized by numerous participants as a transition from "teaching the subject" to "teaching the individual." The findings indicate that a person-centred approach can catalyze swift, synergistic advancement of pedagogical intelligence and offers a robust, evidence-based alternative to traditional teacher training, with significant implications for the preparation of inclusive and effective educators globally.

Bride Stereotypes And Social Roles In Uzbek Families

2025-12-11T10:36:06+00:00

This article investigates the traditional social stereotypes surrounding the institution of daughter-in-law (kelin) in Uzbek society and examines their socio-psychological impact on young families. It is argued that prevailing expectations regarding the image of a daughter-in-law confine women to predetermined roles that limit personal autonomy, self-expression, and equal participation within the family. To explore these issues, a combination of methods was employed, including surveys, in-depth interviews, content analysis, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). The study reveals that stereotypes such as obedience, servitude, and enduring patience continue to dominate the social expectations imposed on daughter-in-laws, creating conditions that may be detrimental to family cohesion. Furthermore, the analysis highlights significant psychological pressures on young women, contributing to diminished self-esteem, increased familial conflicts, and overall instability in family relationships. The findings underscore the need for media initiatives, targeted psychological trainings, and educational programs promoting gender equality as effective strategies to counterbalance these negative effects. Overall, the study makes a significant contribution to understanding gender roles in modern Uzbek society and offers evidence-based recommendations for enhancing women’s well-being and social participation within contemporary family settings. In sum, this investigation provides a comprehensive view of the interplay between tradition and modernity in shaping contemporary gender roles in Uzbekistan.

The Role Of Public Relations In Shaping The Image Of Preschool Education Institutions

2025-12-09T13:27:50+00:00

The image of preschool education institutions has gained significance as early childhood education is acknowledged not merely as a social service but also as a strategic investment in human capital. In numerous nations, preschools function within a competitive and information-rich landscape where parents diligently compare institutions, solicit opinions on social networks, and assess the quality of educational services through both firsthand experience and mediated perceptions. This article analyzes the influence of public relations (PR) on the perception of preschool educational institutions, utilizing principles from public relations theory, educational administration, and early childhood education. The research is founded on a narrative review and theoretical examination of literature concerning school-family communication, institutional reputation, relationship management, and strategic communication in education. The article defines the image of a preschool institution as a complex idea that includes cognitive ideas about safety and quality, emotional judgments about trust and warmth, and plans to do things like enroll, be loyal, and spread the word. Some people say that PR in the preschool sector is more than just advertising or simple information campaigns. Instead, it is a strategic, two-way communication process that connects the values and practices of the institution with the expectations of parents and the norms of the community. Good public relations includes clear information, two-way communication, and activities that help build relationships that support the institution's credibility and legitimacy. The article concludes that professional, ethically grounded public relations is an essential asset for preschool institutions aiming to improve their public image, foster collaboration with families, and exhibit social responsibility. It also suggests avenues for further empirical research in this inadequately examined domain.

From Charity To Justice: The Legal And Institutional Transformation Of Disability Rights In Uzbekistan Within The Framework Of International Human Rights Law

2025-12-14T20:07:58+00:00

The protection of the rights of persons with disabilities has evolved from a marginal social concern to a central pillar of human rights law. This article examines the philosophical, historical, and legal evolution of disability rights, situating Uzbekistan’s experience within global normative and institutional contexts. Drawing upon international legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD, 2006), the study demonstrates how disability has transitioned from a medical and charitable concept to a rights-based paradigm grounded in equality, dignity, and inclusion. Uzbekistan’s ratification of the CRPD and adoption of the Law “On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” (2020) signify a doctrinal and institutional shift toward a human rights based model of governance. Through comparative and normative legal analysis, the article explores the interrelation between constitutional guarantees, civil and labor law reforms, and the development of enforcement mechanisms such as prosecutorial oversight and the National Council on Disability Rights. The findings highlight that while Uzbekistan’s legal framework aligns closely with international standards, the full realization of disability rights requires deeper institutional coordination, awareness-raising, and the internalization of inclusion as an ethical and administrative value. Ultimately, the study argues that the transformation of disability law in Uzbekistan reflects a broader philosophical shift from charity to justice, exemplifying the universalization of human dignity as a legal and constitutional principle.

The Role Of German Classical Philosophers And Scientists In The Study Of The Phenomenon Of Genius

2025-12-14T04:37:32+00:00

The article analyzes the role of German philosophers in the philosophical study of the phenomenon of genius. German philosophy has formed the deepest theoretical foundations of creativity, intelligence and spiritual development in the intellectual heritage of Europe, and plays a decisive role in interpreting the nature of a genius person. The article reveals the conceptual role of various movements of German philosophy - classical idealism, romanticism and existential phenomenology - in explaining genius. As a result, the methodological possibilities of German philosophy in understanding the phenomenon of genius, its deep interpretations of creativity, freedom and the spiritual power of man are based on scientific conclusions.

Development Of The Lifelong Education System In Uzbekistan: School, Vocational And Higher Education

2025-12-10T04:44:25+00:00

This article explores the impact of socio-economic factors on the development of the lifelong education system in Uzbekistan, which includes school, vocational, and higher education levels. The study examines the modernization trends in education within the context of ongoing socio-economic transformations and reforms aimed at improving the quality of training and developing human capital. The interaction between educational institutions and employers, as well as the influence of market mechanisms on the formation of students’ professional competencies, is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the issues of continuity between educational levels, the introduction of dual education models, and the adaptation of curricula to the needs of the national economy. Based on the analysis of statistical data and state strategic documents, the paper proposes directions for improving the education system in accordance with the socio-economic development priorities of the country.